aos 1 u3

Question 1

aims of UN (5)

Answer 1

• to keep peace throughout the world
• to develop friendly relations among nations
• to foster international co-operation in solving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems
• to promote human rights and fundamental freedom for the people of the world
• to be a centre for coordinating the actions of nations in the attainment of these aims

Question 2

aims of IMF (4)

Answer 2

• to promote international monetary cooperation
• to facilitate the expansion and growth of trade
• to make the resources of the fund temporarily available
• to promote exchange stability

Question 3

aims of ICC (4)

Answer 3

• to ensure the worse perpetrators are held accountable for their crimes
• to serve as a court as a sort of last resort
• to assist national judiciaries in investigating and prosecuting the worst perpetrators
• help promote international peace and security by deterring future would be perpetrators

Question 4

how does the UN achieve its aim of ‘to keep peace throughout the world’

Answer 4

The ongoing war in Mali is an example of the UN deploying peacekeepers to try to create some peace.

The bases the Mari peacekeepers set up, were considered a “safe haven” for Mali civilians, which has made the UN able to reach their aim of maintaining peace, for some people.

However, the UN has recently removed the peacekeepers from Mali, as requested by the current military coup over the country, the Malian Junta. This was due to “failure” of their peacekeeping mission in Mali, demonstrating that they are also unable to complete their aim of maintaining peace.

Question 5

how does the UN achieve its aim of ‘to foster international co-operation in solving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems’

Answer 5

Another aim of the UN is to promote human rights for the people of the world. As climate change is a large issue that developing countries are struggling to tackle, the Paris agreement has allocated $26 million USD to several developing countries to be able to properly address the issue of climate change to lessen the effects of it on their people. However, there have been arguments that the support given by developed countries is not enough to negate the impact that climate change has already had on human rights for those less fortunate

Question 6

what is a regional grouping

Answer 6

groups of states that have a geographically close and share close relations

Question 7

how do regional groupings challenge sovereignty and an specific example

Answer 7

they delegate power to a higher authority other than the states themselves. The Schengen Agreement between some EU states limits border controls

In 2023, Croatia had its air border controls dropped, due to joining the treaty earlier on in the year. This action challenges the autonomy of Croatia over its internal affairs, such as who is allowed to pass through its air space, which could present itself as a challenge to its sovereignty.

Question 8

what is terrorism

Answer 8

the threatened or use of violence to achieve political objectives

Question 9

role of ICC

Answer 9

conduct trials
persecute perpetrators of serious crimes

Question 10

role of IMF

Answer 10

provide loans
monitor economic policies
offer technical assistance

Question 11

role of UN

Answer 11

discuss and debate international crises
create and enforce international law

Question 12

case study of illegal non-state actors (ISIS)

Answer 12

Indonesian native attacked Jakarta in a coordinated attack. Isis later claimed the attack stating that they “were targeting security forces tasked with protecting the capital” 7 people were killed. JokoWi subsequently increased heightened security and anti-terror forces conducted raids

The Islamic State’s West Africa “province” (ISWA) have forced thousands of civilians to flee their temporary homes in northeastern Nigeria in 2019. it displaced 8000 people in the area.

They also target the Nigerian military, overrunning dozens of army bases and killing hundreds of soldiers since August 2018.

Question 13

aim of illegal non-state actor

Answer 13

gain political power
create fear

Question 14

aim of legal non-state actor

Answer 14

enact change to global norms
raise public awareness through advertising and information-sharing campaigns

Question 15

roles of legal non-state actor

Answer 15

lobbying IGOS and government
informing and educating the public

Question 16

roles of illegal non-state actors

Answer 16

using violence against civilians
spreading their ideological message in order to keep recruiting members, they need to articulate their message

Question 17

how does the ICC uphold its aim of protecting peace and security by detering would be perpetrators

Answer 17

An example of this is the case of Germain Katanga, who was prosecuted by the ICC in 2014 for committing war crimes and crimes against humanity. He was sentenced to 12 years in prison, which is the ICC holding him accountable for the crimes, therefore leading the institution to be able to effectively achieve their aim.

Question 18

IMF Greece

Answer 18

European Union and IMF bailout packages:
Three bailout programs totaling €289 billion between 2010 and 2018.
Came with strict conditions for fiscal austerity and structural reforms.

effectiveness
Stabilized the banking sector and government finances.
However, led to severe recession, high unemployment, and social unrest.
Debt remains high, at 171.3% of GDP in 2022 (Eurostat).

Question 19

Amnesty international

Answer 19

Amnesty International, a global humanitarian NGO, campaigns for the betterment of human rights throughout the world

In 2014, the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) was signed and became legally binding, due to campaigns, petitions and demonstrations by Amnesty international. It is now a global treaty consisting of 113 state parties that ‘regulate international trade in conventional arms’

Question 20

BHP

Answer 20

After a catastrophic collapse of a mine BHP partially owned in 2015, millions of cubic meters of toxic sludge were released into nearby waterways, which wreaked havoc on local ecosystems and communities.
the Brazilian government sought compensation, but despite this, as of now, BHP and mining partner Vale SA only had to pay $9.7 Billion, despite recent estimates valuing the total damages at $68 billion.

The negligence by the corporations displays complete disregard for environmental and safety laws in place by the government. The fact that a corporation can ignore a state’s laws to do what they want in search for profits completely undermines the sovereignty of the state, and the small sum of compensation shows that TNC’s are never willing to take responsibility for their actions if it hurts the business.