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Question 1

antagonists

Answer 1

decreasea neurotransmitter’s action by blocking production or release, such as a molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter’s action.

Question 2

motor (efferent) neurons

Answer 2

carry instructions from the central nervous system outward to the body’s muscles and glands

Question 3

central nervous system

Answer 3

The brain and spinal cord

and body’s decision maker

Question 4

sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 4

carry messages from the body’s tissues and sensory receptors inward to the brain and spinal cord for processing.
Inward=afferent

Question 5

endocrine system

Answer 5

the body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 6

synapse

Answer 6

the meeting point between neurons

Question 7

blindsight

Answer 7

a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

Question 8

consciousness

Answer 8

our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 9

threshold

Answer 9

minimum intensity of thee excitatory signals exceeding the inhibitory signals. If this happens the combined signals trigger an action potential

Question 10

plasticity

Answer 10

the brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

Question 11

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 11

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition

Question 12

autonomic nervous system

Answer 12

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organ

Question 13

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 13

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

Question 14

peripheral nervous system

Answer 14

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body, responsible for gathering information and for transmitting CNS decisions to other body parts

Question 15

endorphins

Answer 15

natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

Question 16

dual processing

Answer 16

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

Question 17

neurogenesis

Answer 17

the formation of new neurons

Question 18

hormones

Answer 18

chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

Question 19

myelin sheath

Answer 19

a layer of fatty tissue that insulates axons and speeds their impulses LIKE ELECTRICAL WIRES

Question 20

cell body

Answer 20

The cell’s life support center (in neurons)

Question 21

dendrites

Answer 21

Parts of neurons that receive and integrate info

Question 22

reflex

Answer 22

our automatic responses to stimuli

Question 23

refractory period

Answer 23

time when subsequent action potentials cannot occur until the axon returns to its resting state

Question 24

axon

Answer 24

Parts of neurons that pass the message through its terminal branches to other neurons, muscles, and glllllllllands

Question 25

agonist

Answer 25

a molecule that increases a neurotransmitter’s action. Some agonists may increase the production or release of neurotransmitters, or block reuptake in the synapse. Other agonists may be similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor and mimic its excitatory or inhibitory effects