U3.2: Organic Chemistry

Question 1

f.g, suffix, prefix and a fact (if it applies) ALKYNES

Answer 1

• f.g: c☰c
• suffix: -yne
• prefix:

Question 2

f.g, suffix, prefix and a fact (if it applies) HALOALKANES

Answer 2

• f.g: F,Br,Cl,I
• suffix: # in front
• prefix:
• facts:

Question 3

f.g, suffix, prefix and a fact (if it applies) ALCOHOLS

Answer 3

• f.g: OH
• suffix: -ol
• prefix: sometimes hydroxy-

Question 4

f.g, suffix, prefix and a fact (if it applies) ALDEHYDES

Answer 4

• f.g: H-C=O
• suffix: -anal

Question 4

f.g, suffix, prefix and a fact (if it applies) KETONES

Answer 4

O
║
- f.g: C-C-C
- suffix: -one
- prefix:
- fact: -an-x-one
where x is the number of C the O is bonded to

Question 5

f.g, suffix, prefix and a fact (if it applies) CARBOX. ACID

Answer 5

O
║
- f.g: C-OH
- suffix: oic acid
- prefix: total number of C

Question 6

f.g, suffix, prefix and a fact (if it applies) ETHERS

Answer 6

• f.g: C-O-C
• suffix: oxy
• prefix: ane (smaller chain then stem)

Question 7

f.g, suffix, prefix and a fact (if it applies) ESTERS

Answer 7

O
║
- f.g: C-O-C
- suffix: yl
- prefix: oate (smaller chain then stem)

Question 8

f.g, suffix, prefix and a fact (if it applies) AMINES

Answer 8

• f.g: C-NH2
• suffix: amine
• prefix:
• fact: single bond with O

Question 9

f.g, suffix, prefix and a fact (if it applies) AMIDES

Answer 9

O
║
- f.g: C-NH2
- suffix: anamide
- prefix: total number of C
- fact: double bond with O

Question 10

f.g, suffix, prefix and a fact (if it applies) ARENES

Answer 10

• f.g: Benzene-R
• suffix: phenyl
• prefix: benzene

Question 11

Define homologous series

Answer 11

Group of atoms that give the organic compound its characteristic properties

Question 12

Features of homologous series

Answer 12

• Same functional group
• Similar chemical properties
• Trend in physical properties
• Differ by CH2 group

Question 13

Difference between homologous series and functional groups

Answer 13

• functional groups are a group of atoms in a compound that are responsible for reactivity of the molecule (Alkanes, alkenes, alcohols etc)
• whereas homogenous series is a group of organic molecules with the same functional groups

Question 14

Explain the trend in physical properties

Answer 14

• As number of C increases
• instantaneous and induced dipoles occurring increases
• There are stronger LDF
• Thus, there is a stronger IMF of attraction between molecules

Question 15

Rank volatility of alkanes, haloalkanes, aldehydes, ketone, alcohols and carbon. acids and include their bonds

Answer 15

Alkanes (LDF) > Haloalkanes (LDF) > Aldehyde (DDF) > Ketone (DDF) > Alcohol (H bond) > Carbon. acid (H bond)

Question 16

Features of a short chain (then its opposite for long chain); boiling point, volatility, viscosity, flammability

Answer 16

Shorter Chain:
- lower bp
- higher volatility
- lower viscosity
- higher flammability (no smoky flame due to soot)

Question 17

Explain the lower boiling point of branched chains that have the same Mr (because higher Mr is a reason for higher bp)

Answer 17

• Chains cannot pack as closely together
• decreased SA
• LDF is weaker