U3.1 Movement of molecules

Question 1

What happens to the volume of the thorax during inhalation?

Answer 1

The volume increases.

Question 2

What happens to the pressure of the thorax during inhalation?

Answer 2

The pressure decreases.

Question 3

What happens to the intercostal muscles during inhalation?

Answer 3

They contract, which pulls the ribs upwards and outwards.

Question 4

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

Answer 4

The diaphragm muscles contract, which flattens it.

Question 5

What happens to the volume of the thorax during exhalation?

Answer 5

The volume decreases.

Question 6

What happens to the pressure of the thorax during inhalation?

Answer 6

The pressure increases.

Question 7

What happens to the intercostal muscles during exhalation?

Answer 7

They relax, causing the ribs to drop.

Question 8

What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?

Answer 8

The diaphragm muscles relax so the diaphragm domes up.

Question 9

Where does air move during inhalation?

Answer 9

Into the lungs.

Question 10

Where does air move during exhalation?

Answer 10

Out of the lungs.

Question 11

How are the alveoli adapted for diffusion?

Answer 11

• large surface area
• close to blood vessels
• thin walls

Question 12

What is tidal volume?

Answer 12

The volume of air normally taken in at each breath when the body is at rest.

Question 13

What is ventilation rate?

Answer 13

The number of breaths taken in one minute.

Question 14

What is vital capacity?

Answer 14

The maximum volume of air you can force out after breathing in as hard as you can.

Question 15

How do you work out pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 15

Tidal volume x Ventilation rate

Question 16

What diseases can iron lung be used for?

Answer 16

Polio and diaphragm paralysis

Question 17

How does the iron lung work?

Answer 17

When the pressure is lower than the pressure in your lungs you inhale, and when higher you exhale.

Question 18

What is a positive pressure ventilator?

Answer 18

A tube which goes in your trachea that forces air into your lungs.

Question 19

What is osmosis?

Answer 19

Osmosis is the net movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 20

What type of process is osmosis?

Answer 20

A passive process.

Question 22

What does dilute mean?

Answer 22

The solution has a high water potential.

Question 23

What does concentrated mean?

Answer 23

The solution has a low water potential.

Question 24

What do animal cells do in distilled water?

Answer 24

They taken in water and burst.

Question 25

What do animal cells do in concentrated salt solution?

Answer 25

They lose water and shrivel up.

Question 26

What is the water potential of pure water?

Answer 26

0

Question 27

What do plant cells do in distilled water?

Answer 27

They become turgid (swell up).

Question 28

What do plant cells do in concentrated salt solution?

Answer 28

They become plasmolysed - they shrink and no longer fit into the cell wall.

Question 29

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 29

One which has equal concentrations of salt inside and outside the cell.

Question 30

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 30

One which has a lower concentration of salt inside the cell.

Question 31

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 31

One which has a higher concentration of salt inside the cell.

Question 32

In which direction does osmosis occur in an isotonic solution?

Answer 32

No osmosis occurs.

Question 33

In which direction does osmosis occur in an hypotonic solution?

Answer 33

Into the cell.

Question 34

In which direction does osmosis occur in an hypertonic solution?

Answer 34

Out of the cell.

Question 35

What is active transport?

Answer 35

The net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 36

What do cells need for active transport?

Answer 36

Mitochondria to provide energy for carrier proteins.

Question 37

What type of process is active transport?

Answer 37

An active process.