Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > U2.1 Cells and Simple Cell Transport > Flashcards

U2.1 Cells and Simple Cell Transport Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where does respiration occur in cells, releasing energy?

A

The mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is light energy absorbed and turned into food in a cell?

A

The chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are proteins made in the cell?

A

The ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What supports the cell and helps it to keep its shape?

A

The cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is full of cell sap and maintains the cell’s shape?

A

The vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?

A

The cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do many reactions take place in a cell?

A

The cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is magnification?

A

Magnification is the number of times larger an image is compared with the real size of the object.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does one work out magnification?

A

Magnification = Size of image ÷ Actual Size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A millimetre is equal to how many micrometres?

A

1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are root hair cells found?

A

On the roots of plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the job of a root hair cell?

A

To collect water and nutrients in the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do root hair cells have a large surface area?

A

To speed up osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do root hair cells not have chloroplasts?

A

They are found underground so don’t photosynthesise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the job of a sperm cell?

A

To fertilise the female gamete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do sperm cells have a streamlined shape?

A

So they can move to the egg faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why do sperm cells have a pocket full of mitochondria?

A

To give them loads of energy when moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is the head of a sperm cell coated in a special enzyme?

A

To help it penetrate the female gamete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the job of an ovum cell?

A

It has to be fertilised and then leads to the creation of an offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why do ovum cells’ cell membranes harden as soon as they are fertilised?

A

So no more sperm cells can penetrate it which would mess up the process since there would be three sets of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why do ovum cells contain a lot of cytoplasm?

A

So it has the nutrients needed when it becomes an embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are ciliated epithelial cells found?

A

In the lining of the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the ciliated epithelial cell’s job?

A

To sweep up mucus, dust, bacteria and hair back up into the throat to be swallowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What would happen if we did not have cilia?

A

Harmful substances would not be sweeped up and would go on to damage the alveoli so it would be harder to get oxygen into the blood

25
Q

Where are cone cells found?

A

In the retina at the back of the eyeball

26
Q

What colours can cone cells perceive?

A

Red, blue and green

27
Q

What are found in the head of a cone cell?

A

Visual pigments to perceive different colours depending on the light waves and their frequencies

28
Q

What are found at the end of a cone cell?

A

Synapses which pass visual information on to the optic nerves

29
Q

Why do cone cells have a pocket of mitochondria?

A

So that there is enough energy for the organism to constantly be able to see

30
Q

What is the job of a nerve cell?

A

To send information to effectors such as muscles and glands

31
Q

Why are nerve cells long and thin?

A

To pass information along as fast as possible

32
Q

How do nerve cells carry information?

A

Using electrical impulses

33
Q

What allows nerve cells to receive multiple impulses at once?

A

The dendrites

34
Q

What happens in the synapse?

A

The impulse diffuses and gets picked up by the next nerve cell

35
Q

What is the axon?

A

The axon is the long part of a nerve cell which carries the impulse

36
Q

Why does the axon have a protective sheath?

A

To act as an insulator and keep the impulse from escaping

37
Q

What is the job of a fat cell?

A

To be used as food reserves in the body and insulate

38
Q

When are fat cells created?

A

When the amount of energy taken in exceeds the amount of energy used

39
Q

Why do fat cells not have much cytoplasm?

A

So lots of fat can be stored in the space

40
Q

Why do fat cells have such a loose cell membrane?

A

So that the cell can expand to store more fat without damaging itself

41
Q

Why do bacterial cells not have nuclei?

A

As the genetic information is found in the cytoplasm

42
Q

What are plasmids used for in a bacterial cell?

A

To store extra genetic information

43
Q

What is sometimes found around the cell wall of a bacterial cell?

A

A slime capsule

44
Q

What does the flagellum do in a bacterial cell?

A

It helps the cell to move itself around

45
Q

How do yeast cells survive with minimal oxygen levels?

A

They anaerobically respire

46
Q

What is the anaerobic respiration of yeast called?

A

Fermentation

47
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

48
Q

What states of matter are able to diffuse?

A

Liquid and gas

49
Q

What affects the rate of diffusion?

A
  • thermal energy
  • surface area
  • concentration gradient
50
Q

What controls the activity of a cell?

A

The nucleus

51
Q

How does thermal energy affect the rate of diffusion?

A

More thermal energy is transferred into kinetic energy making the substance move faster

52
Q

How does surface area affect the rate of diffusion?

A

The greater the surface area the more room there is for the dissolved substances to move through

53
Q

How does concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?

A

If there are less particles there in the first place there is more space to fill

54
Q

Give examples of where diffusion takes place

A
  • the alveoli
  • the placenta
  • the stomata
  • the intestine
  • the synapse
55
Q

How are the alveoli adapted for diffusion?

A
  • large surface area
  • found close to the capillaries
  • thin walls
56
Q

How is the placenta adapted for diffusion?

A
  • controls substance movement
  • large surface area
  • blood separated by the villi
57
Q

How are the intestines adapted for diffusion?

A
  • thin walls
  • villi to increase surface area
  • good blood supply
58
Q

How are the stomata adapted for diffusion?

A
  • thin leaves

- guard cells to change the size

59
Q

How is the synapse adapted for diffusion?

A
  • large surface area
  • many receptors
  • thin space

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions