U3- EMS: Witches?! Oh, the horror! Flashcards
What is Three Crop Field Rotation?
A farming method where three crops are rotated to maintain soil fertility, typically involving a winter crop, a spring crop, and leaving one field empty. This innovation increased agricultural productivity and reduced soil depletion.
Examples of these crops include wheat, barley, and legumes.
What was the enclosure movement?
The privatization of common lands used collectively by villagers for grazing and farming, leading to increased agricultural efficiency but displacing many peasants into cities.
What were peasant/serf obligations?
Peasants and serfs were bound to their lords through obligations including labor, rent payments, and dues in exchange for protection and the right to work the land.
What was the Price Revolution?
A period of dramatic inflation in Europe during the 16th century, primarily affecting food and essential goods, triggered by an influx of precious metals and increased demand due to population growth.
What were peasant rebellions?
Uprisings of rural populations against oppressive conditions and feudal obligations, such as the German Peasants’ War of 1524 and the French revolt of 1648.
What is the Great Chain of Being?
A hierarchical structure placing God at the top, with all creation ranked below, reflecting entrenched gender inequalities of the period.
What is the body politic?
A concept describing society as a living entity with each class playing a distinct role, central to early modern political thought.
What is the distinction between nobility of the robe and nobility of the sword?
The nobility of the sword comprised traditional warrior aristocrats, while the nobility of the robe gained status through administrative and legal responsibilities.
What role did carnival and festivals play in early modern Europe?
They served as occasions for communal celebrations and the temporary suspension of social norms, allowing participants to express social critiques and challenge hierarchies.
What significance did magic and witchcraft have in early modern Europe?
They were intertwined with religious beliefs and folk traditions, leading to witch hunts that revealed tensions between emerging scientific thought and traditional beliefs.
How did town life change during the early modern period?
Town life experienced significant changes due to urbanization, with growing trade attracting migrants and leading to new social dynamics and the rise of an upper class.
What defined gender roles in early modern Europe?
Gender roles were largely patriarchal, with men in power and women in domestic roles, though women participated in commerce and religion, challenging traditional boundaries.
What was the role of manufacturing and guilds in early modern Europe?
Manufacturing marked a shift to urbanized, production-focused markets, with guilds regulating trades, setting quality standards, and providing training.
What demographic changes occurred during the early modern period?
Significant population growth due to improved agricultural practices and declining mortality rates, fueling urbanization and shifts in labor markets.
How were class relations characterized in early modern Europe?
Class relations were marked by a rigid hierarchy, with peasants working land owned by nobles, but rising commerce began to challenge traditional power dynamics.
