U3 AOS2 Flashcards
antecedent
an object or event that precedes a specific behaviour and signals the probable consequence for the behaviour and therefore influences the occurence (likelihood) of the behaviour
attention
process of focusing on specific stimuli or aspects of the sensory environment whilst ignoring and excluding others, in observational learning, the first step ion the process which involves watching a model’s behaviour and its consequences.
classical conditioning
learning acquired through the pairing of a UCS with a NS in order to incite a UCR. The NS eventualkly becoimes a CS, and incites the UCR when presented to the klearner. Involves the stages of before, during and after conditioning.
conditioned response
in CC, the learned or acquires response to the conditioned stimulus.
conditioned stimulus
in CC, the stimulus that is initially the NS, not normally producing the unconditioned response.
motivation
an internal state that influences individuals to engage in agoal directed behaviour
negative punishment
removal of a pleasant stimulus to decrease behaviour
negative reinforcement
removal of an unpleasant stimukus in order to increase behaviour
indigenous
native, originating from or naturally occuring in a particular place.
acronym
memorisation technique formed from the initial letters of other words abd PRONOUNCED AS A WORD.
- NASA
- COB
acrostic
a mnemonicm verbal accosiation for items to be remembered by constructing a sentence, phrase etc using the first letters of the information ot be remembered.
My Very Escited Mother Juggles Six Umbrellas
- Mercury, venus, earth, mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus.
repeated association
in CC, when the NS is continuopusly paired with the UCS in order to create the UCR.
- continually done in order to incite UCR
- short time period in between, less than half a second.
Neutral stimulus
in CC, a stimulus that initialle produces no response naturally.
observationsl learning
the acquisition of info, skill, behaviour throuigh watching the performance of others, directly of indirectly, involving a sequence of processes: attention, retention, reproduction (mental visualisation), motication, reinforcement. ARRMR
operant conditioning
a learning process where the consequences of an action determine the likelihood that it will be performed again in the future. (reward or punishment)
positive punishment
adding an undesired stimulus in order to decrease the likelihood of a behaviour in the future.
- i.e. smacking a child for swearing
neurofibrillary tangles
abnormal accumulations of the TAU protein that collect inside neurons
positive reinforcement
adding a desired stimulus in order to increase the likelihood of a behaviour in the future
- i.e giving candy to a child that does their chores
reinforcement
when a stimulus strengthens or increases the frequency or likelihood of the behaviour that follows.
- negative or positive reinforcement
alzheimer’s disease
neurodegenerative disorde, the gradual widespread degeneration of brain neurons, progressively causing memory decline, deterioration of social and cognitive skills and personality changes.
caused by: neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques.
amygdala
in the medial temporal lobe, deep within the brain, involved in emotional reactions (particularly fear and anger) and formantion of a wide variety of emotional memories.
autobiographical memory
memory for episodes or experiences that occurred in theor own life
amyloid plaque
misfolded proteins that form in the spaces between nerve cells. These abnormally configured proteins are thought to play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease.
First form affect memory areas.
