CH 6 - the demand for sleep Flashcards
How are the physiological responses associated with sleep measured?
through electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG),
electro-oculography (EOG), sleep diaries and video monitoring
what is consciousness?
- The awareness of your own internal mental processes.
- Includes your thoughts, feelings, sensation and perceptions and your awareness of the external world around you.
- Individual, and continuously changing.
- Present in the short term (working) memory
- A psychological construct, and cannot be directly measured.
what is a psychological construct?
a non-tangible concept that cannot be objectively observed or measured directly through the collection of data, but is widely understood to exist. Used to describe specific “psychological” activity, or pattern of activity that is believed to occur or exist.
e.g. consciousness, intelligence, cognition, learning, memory, emotion, personality, schizophrenia, self-esteem and anxiety.
how are psychological constructs measured?
- Information provided by the individual (e.g. self-reports)
- behaviour that is demonstrated (e.g. responses during experimental
research), - physiological changes that can be measured (e.g. recording brain activity).
- behaviour that is demonstrated (e.g. responses during experimental
sleep is…
an altered state of consciousness, inferences are made about it.
- Naturally occurring and reversible altered state of consciousness, characterized by: Reduction in awareness and responsiveness to external surroundings - Unique brain wave activity and distinguishable physiological changes - Considered as a psychological construct ------> fundamentally private, to individual
describe altered states of consciousness (ASC)
- Any state that differs in awareness from our NWC
- Naturally occurring and induced —> by drugs and alcohol
e.g. sleep, daydreaming, meditation, hypnosis, influence of druigs and alcohol.
% time taken by REM sleep (adolescent to adult)
20
% time taken when awake during sleep
5
% time taken by deep sleep
20
% time taken by light sleep
55
what happens in NREM STAGE 1 (N1)
- Transitional phase between wakefulness and sleep.
- Light sleep.
- Physiological responses begin to slow down, including brain activity, heart rate and body temperature.
- Once not disturbed for a couple of minutes in N1, a person quickly moves into the next stage.
what happens in NREM STAGE 2 (N2)
- Light sleep
- Physiological responses continue to slow down.
- Still wakes relatively easily
- Burst of brain activity help resist being woken by environmental stimuli such as
noises. - The stage experienced the most.
what happens in NREM STAGE 3 (N3)
- Deep sleep
- Physiological responses are at slowest
- Most difficult to wake up
- Known as ‘slow-wave sleep’
- Experienced more in the first half of the night than the second half.
- As sleep episode progresses, a person experiences less N3 sleep and may not at all in the last one or two cycles.
what happens in RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM) SLEEP
- Eyes make quick daring movements behind closed eyelids and physiological activity increase
- Brain activity resembles wakefulness and heart rate and breathing rate increase,.
- Voluntary muscles are seemingly paralysed and twitch only intermittently.
- Most vivid and memorable dreams occur during REM sleep.
- 20% (depending on age)
what is a hypnogram
- A line graph that represents that stages of sleep plotted against time
- Display the sleep architecture or patterns of a sleep episode
- A typical night’s sleep of an adult consisting of 5 sleep cycles
- Time on x-axis
- Types and stages of sleep on y-axis
what occurs during NREM sleep?
- Progressive decline in physiological activity
- 3 distinct stages, takes around 80% of a sleep episode in people of school age or older
- Thought that the body is repairing itself during NREM sleep.
some examples of Normal Waking consciousness (NWC)
- ordinary wakefulness
- focused attention
some examples of Altered States of Consciousness (ASC)
- anaesthetised
- hypnotised
- coma
- daydreaming
- meditation
- sleep
anything that isn’t ASC
what is Nprmal waking consciousness (NWC)
Involved in pur everyday life and activities, where we are alert and aware.
Naturally ocurring ASC
any ASC that comes without intervention, like daydreaming, sleep, comas.
Induced ASC
Any ASC that comes with intervention, and is intentional, like drugs, alcohol, comas (medically induced), hypnosis and meditation.
Electroencephalography
aka EEG, a measure of sleep that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of brain activity.
Electromyography
a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the skeletal muscles, especially that of the jaw.
Electro-oculography
Polycomnography
a combination of EEG, EOC AND EMG.
