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U3 AOS1a Flashcards

1
Q

Health

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

Health and wellbeing

A

the state of a persons physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged

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3
Q

Disease

A

a physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage

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4
Q

Illness

A

a subjective concept related to personal experience of a disease or injury

note: just as wellbeing relates to how an individual feels about + experiences their health, illness relates to how a person feels about + experiences any disease or injury they have

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5
Q

The dynamic nature of health and wellbeing

A

constantly moving + changing in relation to our own experiences + interactions with their environment + sensations of the world around us

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6
Q

The subjective nature of health and wellbeing

A

-> dependant primarily on people’s own interpretation of their current situation
-> means different things to different people based on their experiences + circumstances

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7
Q

What is an example of the dynamic nature of H+W?

A
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8
Q

What is an example of the subjective nature of H+W?

A
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9
Q

What is an example of the dynamic nature of illness?

A
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10
Q

What is an example of the subjective nature of illness?

A
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11
Q

Dimensions of health and wellbeing

A

-> physical
-> mental
-> social
-> emotional
-> spiritual

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12
Q

Physical H+W definition

A

relates to the state and functioning of the body and its systems, including the physical capacity to form daily activities or tasks

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13
Q

Social H+W definition

A

refers to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others, and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations

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14
Q

Emotional H+W definition

A

relates to the ability to recognise, understand, and effectively manage and express emotions and feelings in a positive way, as well as the ability to display resilience in everyday life

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15
Q

Mental H+W definition

A

refers to the current state of wellbeing relating to a persons mind or brain and the ability to think and process information

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16
Q

Spiritual H+W definition

A

relates to the values, ideas, beliefs and ethics that arise in the minds and consciences of human beings. It includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of purpose, meaning or value, fulfilment and reflection on your place in the world.

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17
Q

Physical H+W characteristics

A

-> healthy body weight
-> absence/freedom from illness, disease + injury
-> adequate/optimal energy levels
-> physical capacity to perform daily tasks
-> appropriate levels of fitness
-> strong immune system
-> optimal blood pressure
-> well-functioning body, systems + organs

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18
Q

Social H+W characteristics

A

-> supportive network of friends
-> supportive + well-functioning family
-> ability to manage or adapt appropriately to diff. social situations
-> effective communication w others
-> productive relos w other people

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19
Q

Emotional H+ W characteristics

A

-> recognise + understand a range of emotions
-> effectively respond to, mange + express emotional actions + reactions
-> experience appropriate emotions in diff. scenarios
-> have a high level of resilience

20
Q

Mental H+ W characteristics

A

-> low levels of stress + anxiety
-> optimal self-esteem
-> ability to think + process info
-> high levels of confidence
-> use logic + reasoning to form opinions + make decisions
-> positive thought patterns
-> ability to use abstract thought

21
Q

Spiritual H+ W characteristics

A

-> a sense of belonging + connection in the world
-> positive meaning, place + purpose in life
-> peace + harmony
-> developed personal values + beliefs
->acting according to values + beliefs

22
Q

Describe the relationship between any three dimensions

A

RATE AS LOW SO I CAN REPEAT

23
Q

Optimal health and wellbeing

A

the highest level of health and wellbeing an individual can realistically attain at any particular time, taking into account genetics and the different environments in which people live

24
Q

Optimal H+W as a resource for individuals

A

-> work productively
-> reduced healthcare costs
-> gain an education
-> earn an income
-> exercise
-> effectively run a household
-> spend time w friends
-> increase leisure time - do things they enjoy
-> work towards their purpose in live
-> live independently
-> sleep well

25
Optimal H+W as a resource nationally
-> longer, healthier lives -> health system savings -> fewer people relying on social security -> increased productivity -> higher average incomes - increased gross national income (GNI) -> reduced stress + anxiety in the community -> increased social participation
25
Optimal H+W as a resource globally
-> reduce risk of disease transmission between countries - risk of pandemic -> assists in promoting peace + stability -> promotes economic development -> promotes social development -> promotes sustainability -> increases trade opportunities -> decreased poverty
26
How does optimal H+W act as a resource for individuals?
If an individual... dimension...link dimension benefit..how its a resource
27
How does optimal H+W act as a resource nationally?
If a country's population...dimension...link dimension benefit..how its a resource
28
How does optimal H+W act as a resource globally?
If all people around the world...dimension...link dimension benefit..how its a resource
29
Health status definition
an individual's or population's overall level of health and wellbeing taking into account various indicators such as life expectancy, mortality and morbidity
30
Health indicators definition
standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status (eg. life expectancy, mortality rates and morbidity rates)
31
Health status indicators
-> self- assessed health status -> life expectancy, including life expectancy at birth and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) -> mortality, including infant mortality, under-5 mortality and maternal mortality -> morbidity, including incidence and prevalence -> burden of disease, including disability-adjusted life years (DALY) which is years of life lost (YLL) plus years lived with disability (YLD)
32
Self-assessed health status
an individuals own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind, and their life in general note: useful measure of individuals/populations perceived current overall health status BUT subjective
33
Life expectancy
the number of years of life left, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth. note: life expectancy increases as a person gets older
34
Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
the average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health; that is, time lived without the health consequences of disease or illness note: considers life expectancy data AND impact of ill health in a population (indicator of both quantity + quality in life)
35
Mortality
relates to death, often at a population level mortality rate: the measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one-year-period (usually per 100 000)
36
Infant mortality rate
measures the rate of deaths of infants before their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births
37
Under-5 mortality rate
measures the number of children that die before their fifth birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births
38
Maternal mortality ratio
the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy, childbirth or associated treatment per 100 000 live births
39
Morbidity
ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population (often expressed through incidence and prevalence)
40
Incidence
refers to the number or rate of new cases of a disease or condition during a specified time
41
Prevalence
the total number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present at a given time
42
Burden of disease
a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. BOD is measured in a unit called the DALY.
43
Disability-adjusted life years
a measure of burden of disease. One DALY is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to illness and/or death. DALYs are calculated as the sum of the years of life lost due to premature death and the years lived with disability for people with the health condition or its consequences.
44
Years of life lost (YLL)
a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
45
Years lived with disability (YLD)
a measure of how many healthy years of life lost due to disease, injury or disability

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