U3 Flashcards
aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor inhibits peripheral conversion of L_DOPA to dopamine for parkinsons
carbidopa
D2 agonist, D1 antagonist used for mild parkinsons or DA agonism in NMS
bromocriptine
non-ergot DA receptor agonist selective for D2 used to delay L-DOPA tx
pramipexole
COMT inhibitor to prolong t1/2 of carbidopa
entacapone
used for movement disorders in huntingtons (reduces dyskinesias)… also adjunct to levodopa
amantadine
GABAb agonist used for spasticity of ALS UMN symps
baclofen
side-effects of antipsychotics
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) = muscle rigidity, cramps, tremors, fever, autonomic instability and cognitive changes
antipsychotic that also causes arrythmias
thioridazine
antipsychotic with fewer autonomic SEs (less sedation) of NMS but more extraphyramidal (parkinsonism)
haloperidol
muscle relaxant used for malignant hyperthermia assoc with NMS
dantrolene
D2 antagonist, 5H2 antagonist (allows DA to flow more freely in nigostrial pathway) for 2nd gen antipsychotic - risk of agranulocytosis but NO EPS, TD or catalepsy
clozapine
direct muscarinic agonist used in cataract surgery b/c constricts pupils, causing inc aqueous outflow by spreading trabecular meshwork
pilocarpine
antimuscarinic used to dilate pupils by paralyzing ciliary body when causing cycloplegia for eye exams
tropicamide
separates 1st and 2nd order from 3rd order neuron dysfxn in Horner’s syndrom by releasing NE (pos dilation means 1st or 2nd order (bad sign))
hydroxyamphetamine
a2 agonist that lowers intraocular pressure
clonidine
diagnose postganglionic problem (abnormal pupil WON’T dilate)
paredrine
diagnose pharmacologic problem (ie too many anti muscarinics/ cyloplegic agents) (abnormal pupil WON’T constrict)
pilocarpine
MAO inhibitor (can’t oxidize Ne, 5-HT, DA) used for depression, anxiety etc… SE hypertensive crisis with tyramine-rich foods or serotonin syndrome (MAOI + SSRI)
tranylcyrpomine & phenelzine
Tricyclic SEs
antimuscarinic, orthostatic hypotension, sedation esp with alcohol, seizures
TCAs can cause cardiac arrhythmias, esp at OD –> give this
sodium bicarb
SSRI that can cause serotonin syndrome with MAOIs
fluoxetine
serotonin syndrome
hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, myoclonus, AMS, vitals
SSRIs inhibit reuptake of
5_HT and some NE
most potent hallucinogen is agonist at 5HT2A receptors, inhibiting raphe nuclei firing and increasing sensory input
LSD
hallucinogen that has cross tolerance with LSD and psilocybin
mescaline
dissociative anesthetic causes violent behavior and inexplicable psychoses
PCP
inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
disulfiram
causes acidosis with crystals in urine
ethylene glycol
hits cannabinoid receptors and can be used as anti-nausea in chemo
THC
endogenous cannabinoid
anandamide
GABA agonist binds btwn a1 and y2 subunits for short term depression tx ( a benzo) with ceiling effect
lorazepam
used for short term sedation ie flight
alprazolam
benzo used to induce sleep
triazolam
calming effect with short half life anesthesia
midazolam
non benzo used to induce sleep at omega receptor
zolpidem
MS tx that can cause mild anemia, inc LFT and some flu-like symps with minor irritation at injection site
avonex
most NABs of all MS tx
betaferon
MS tx that is myelin basic protein analog causes t cell apoptosis
glatiramer acetate
used for acute MS attack
methylprednisone
used for tonic-clonic seizures
valproate
for headaches: the pre-triptan standard of acute migraine tx. 5HT agonist in trigem pathway, can cause nausea.
ergotamines
Acute migraine tx, the standard. acute tx of cluster headaches and photophobia
triptans
tension headache prevention, can cause weight gain
TCA (amitryptyline)
migraine prevention
propanolol
