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CCEA AS Digital Technology > U2T4 - Web Technology & Multimedia > Flashcards

U2T4 - Web Technology & Multimedia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the world wide web?

A

It is made up of webpages structured into websites. System of interlinked hypertext documents which are accessed via internet using browsers.

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2
Q

What are some features of pages on the world wide web?

A

Written using HTML, viewed with web browser, contain hypertext, sound, video, animation, graphics + simple text, use HTTP to send pages across the internet.

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3
Q

What does hypertext do?

A

Provides user with clickable links to other pages on the web.

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4
Q

What is HTTP?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Application level protocol. Client machine sends request message to server + server responds with response message.

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5
Q

What does the URL of webpages usually begin with + what does this indicate?

A

http://. Page uses HTTP.

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6
Q

What is the internet?

A

A global network of computers, using interconnected networks using communication protocols, each communicating with several others in network but not all. World wide communication system linking computers in geographically separate locations through variety of telecommunications links. Network of interconnected computer systems (WAN + LAN). Supports public access to email + websites.

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7
Q

What telecommunications links does the internet use?

A

Telephone lines + satellites.

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8
Q

What is a URL?

A

Uniform Resource Locator. Short string representing hyperlink target. Specifies which server, access method + location in server. Unique. Identifies every resource on internet.

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9
Q

Break down this URL into protocol, address + path:

http://www.wallacehigh.org/documents-policies/

A

http:// = protocol
www.wallacehigh.org = address
documents-policies/ = path

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10
Q

What is an IP address?

A

Internet protocol address. Represents standard set of rules to ensure proper data transfer between computers on internet. Define how data is structured + what control signals used. Unique number to identify a device on a network. Part of it identifies the device + part identifies the network.

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11
Q

What does every device linked to a network using TCP/IP protocol have?

A

A unique IP address.

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12
Q

What does an IP address allow?

A

Messages + data to be routed to correct address on network. Allows device to be located on network.

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13
Q

How many bits does the IPv5 have?

How many will the IPv6 have?

A

32

48

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14
Q

What is a static IP address?

A

A permanent IP address that doesn’t change.

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15
Q

What is a dynamic IP address?

A

Temporary addresses which are assigned each time a computer accesses the internet.

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of IP addresses?

A

Static + dynamic.

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17
Q

How do computers identify websites?

A

By their IP addresses. They translate URLs into IP addresses + locate on web server.

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18
Q

What is a web browser?

A

Application on user’s computer which is responsible for requesting text + graphics of webpages from servers on internet + assembling for display.

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19
Q

Give a few of the most common browsers?

A

Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Apple Safari, Google Chrome + Opera.

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20
Q

What do web browsers allow users to do?

A

Save URLs of pages they intend to visit often (bookmark/favourite). All try to display webpage as designer intended.

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21
Q

What is a web server?

A

Computer designed to deliver internet webpages across internet/intranet. Processes requests for info coming from internet infrastructure. Contains application software to enable content transmission + uses client-server technology.

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22
Q

Client-server technology:
Client?
Server?

A

Program that accesses application (browser)

Program that provides application.

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23
Q

What is web hosting for?

A

Provides people with access to web server + web space to store website. Ensures website is available online.

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24
Q

What does a web host company provide?

A

Web space to store website, customer support, email + interface for managing website.

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25
Q

What is FTP?

A

File Transfer Protocol. Protocol used to transfer files across internet. Delivers files to web server where they’re stored. Needs usernames + passwords to access file directory.

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26
Q

What is an ISP?

A

Internet Service Provider. Organisation providing users with link/pop to internet. Direct links to internet + accepts transmission from users, passing them onto internet.

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27
Q

What is POP?

A

Point of presence

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28
Q

What does an ISP do?

A

Sells internet access to people + provides access to web servers which connect to search engines.

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29
Q

What might an ISP provide a user?

A

Variety of bandwidth options, email, security (antivirus/antihacking + spyware + identity theft protection), web hosting service, support, website filtering + phone/TV package.

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30
Q

What is a search engine?

A

Web based tool which searches for info using keywords. Returns results as website links.

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31
Q

How do search engines function?

A

Spider/WebCrawler. Constructs up to date index of pages. When a search occurs, it searches through this index.

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32
Q

Why do different search engines return different results?

A

They use different servers when crawling.

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33
Q

What do meta tags do?

A

Help in specifying key words in HTML headings + categorise pages.

34
Q

What is cache?

A

Fast access memory in web servers for recently accessed pages. Reduces data transfer so faster.

35
Q

What are cookies?

A

Small files downloaded to hard drive by website visited. Keeps personal data entered so don’t have to reenter details. Can track browser history (privacy concern) Can block, but usually asked to accept.

36
Q

What is a portal?

A

Website designed to be first point of contact on web. Contains search bar, news + weather. Advertising in high demand. Require user to log on + provides email, links to other websites + search engines. e.g. Yahoo.com

37
Q

What is a website?

A

Including homepage. Collection of webpages at same domain, often with common theme + maintained by 1 person/organisation. User navigates by clicking on hyperlinks so new page is loaded.

38
Q

What is a webpage?

A

Document accessed in browser. Multimedia (text, video, hypertext, animation) All elements but text are loaded into page by browser from location specified by URL in page. Large files may use streaming. HTML.

39
Q

What is a hyperlink? AKA?

A

Area of webpage (text/image) containing link to another location on web. When user’s mouse hovers over it, cursor shape changes. (hand) to indicate clicking will cause page to change. aka hotspot if on graphic.

40
Q

What is a domain name?

A

Address/location on internet where info/activities can be found (website). e.g. www.ccea.org - includes host server.

41
Q

How are domain names formed?

A

Follow rules of domain name system (DNS)

42
Q

What is DNS?

A

Domain Name System. Serves as phone book for internet by translating info into IP addresses.

43
Q

What do domain names provide?

A

Readable version of location on internet infrastructure. Represents IP address.

44
Q

What is a top level domain name? Give an example.

A

Indicates general purpose of service behind domain name. e.g. .com, .org, .net.

45
Q

What is a second level domain name? Give an example.

A

Unique on internet. Indicates owner associated with IP address. e.g. ccea.org

46
Q

What is a country level domain name? Give an example.

A

Indicates country associated with URL. e.g. .uk, .nl, .ie.

47
Q

What is the ITU?

A

International Telecommunications Union. International organisation which coordinates worldwide telecommunication. Seeks to obtain agreement on setting of + adherence to international standards for telecommunication. It has 3 main areas, radio
communication, standardisation + development sector.

48
Q

What is the W3C?

A

World Wide Web Consortium. Responsible for defining standards for www, especially languages used for designing web pages. Difficult in fast moving environment so webpages look different on different browsers.

49
Q

What is an intranet?

A

Private computer network using internet protocols to securely share part of an organisation’s info with employees. Uses usernames + passwords to use. May be a website only accessible on LAN in school or worldwide in a worldwide organisation. Stored on file server belonging to organisation.

50
Q

How does client-server technology work?

A

Client + server are software processes. Server waits for client request. Server must be known about + exist before client can connect.

51
Q

How does the client-server model of networking work?

A

Splits processing workload between server (providing resources + services) + client (requests services) Applications are installed onto server + used at client computer. Communication follows set protocol (e.g. HTTP/FTP)

52
Q

Give examples of servers + clients.

A

Web servers + file servers.

Laptops, smartphones + other mobile devices.

53
Q

What does client-side scripting and processing enable?

A

Interaction on a webpage. Code needed to handle user input is downloaded + executed by browser/plug-in on client computer.

54
Q

What does server-side scripting + processing do?

A

Sends data to server across internet. Server runs application to process info + returns results (webpage).

55
Q

Give an example of a server-side programming language.
Give an example of client-side interaction.
Give an example of a client-side programming language.

A

PHP.
User clicks button/enters data.
Javascript

56
Q

How can data transmission be enhanced?

A

More client-side processing.

57
Q

What do you want to prevent by encrypting data?

A

Intercepted data when sent across WAN/LAN.

58
Q

What is encryption?

A

Makes data unintelligible. Appears to be meaningless + can be called scrambled data. Provides data security when stored electronically + transmitted.

59
Q

What is decryption?

A

Converting unreadable data back into understandable form.

60
Q

What is necessary to encrypt data? What about for decryption?

A

Encryption key. Decryption key.

61
Q

What is an encryption key?

What is a decryption key?

A

Word/code selected by user to govern encryption process.

Needed for data to be understood.

62
Q

What might you use if data needs more protection than using encryption keys?

A

Pair of private + public keys are used. Data encrypted with public key must be decrypted with matching private key. Sender has public key + receiver has private key.

63
Q

What is a digital certificate?

A

Encrypted message provided by certification authority to confirm an individual is themself online. Includes digital signature which can be confirmed by sending secure message to certification authority. Often used by websites.

64
Q

What is a digital signature?

A

Part of message specially encrypted by sender. Used to indicate they are themself. Receiver verifies signature using sender’s public key. After ensuring validity, receiver retrieves data with private key. Confirms signature, doesn’t encrypt.

65
Q

What does the certificate authority provide?

A

e.g. Verisign. Encrypted digital certificate with public key. Connects individual with public key so verifying identity. Have to give info on server + location of company which CA authenticates.

66
Q

What are the 4 types of digital certificates?

A

Personal (Used by individuals with secure email), organisation (for employees needing secure email + web transactions), server (prove ownership of domain name/use with SSL) + developer (prove ownership of software/programs.)

67
Q

What is SSL?

A

Secure Sockets Layer. Protocol enabling encrypted link to be created between 2 computers using internet. Protects electronic communications from interception. Standard for commercial transactions.

68
Q

What is SET?

A

Secure Electronic Transaction. More sophisticated protocol used by international banks.

69
Q

What is HTTPS?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer. Web protocol developed by Netscape which encrypts + decrypts user page requests + pages returned by web server. Uses SSL beneath HTTP application layer. Uses port443 rather than port 80 in interactions with TCP/IP. Used for security sensitive communication (transactions + corporate logons)

70
Q

What are the 5 basic steps of HTTPS?

A

Client requests SSL connection, server provides SSL certificate with public key, client validates certificate + public key, generates session key + submits to server + SSL connection established.

71
Q

How might you verify that SSL is protecting a page?

A

It should say https:// with a padlock.

72
Q

Give examples of what the ITU can do.

A

ITU studies cost of Internet connectivity +
its impact on economy, ITU-T standards provide standards for cloud computing + machine to machine
communications on Internet.

73
Q

What is CGI?

A

Common Gateway Interface, a protocol for

web servers to interface with CGI scripts.

74
Q

What is an XML?

A

Extensible Mark-up Language a software
and hardware independent tool for storing and
transporting data.

75
Q

What are the main functions of an intranet?

A

Provides tools which facilitate collaboration
and communication between employees e.g. project management software, calendars, timelines, email.
Enable file exchange + upload + allow messages.

76
Q

What is a domain name + give an example?

A

This shows the owner of the webpage. e.g.wallacehigh.net. It is unique on the internet.

77
Q

What is a host name + give an example?

A

e.g. wallacehigh.net Name which uniquely identifies webpage/device on internet.

78
Q

Explain how a webpage can be created in HTML.

A

Type in basic code into notepad++ ( Webpage Name Body Text

79
Q

Why might a picture not show up on a webpage?

A

The code for the image may be incorrect (wrong file name) or the image may have been moved or deleted from the folder it was stored in.

80
Q

Explain the purpose of the anchor tag.

A

Allows developer to create clickable hyperlink so user can visit another webpage to learn more.

81
Q

Distinguish between client-side and server-side processing.

A

User’s browser performs all processing it can on client comp e.g. validate debit card num, check compulsory fields are completed with valid data. When click proceed, link with server is reestablished and completed, webpage is sent to server which completes processing (authorise details) + server sends confirmation details.

CCEA AS Digital Technology (9 decks)

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