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CCEA AS Digital Technology > U1T1 - Programming > Flashcards

U1T1 - Programming Flashcards

1
Q

What is a computer program?

A

A specific set of ordered
instructions to be performed by a computer.
The program represents a solution to a problem.

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2
Q

What does a computer require to function?

A

Programs.

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3
Q

Where are program instructions executed?

A

In the CPU.

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4
Q

What is an IDE?

A

Integrated Development Environment. Combines a text editor with program-running functionality. Often includes features like debugging and text completion.

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5
Q

What is debugging?

A

Detecting, locating and correcting bugs (mistakes)., usually by running program. Run program using test data to fully test every part of program.

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6
Q

What is a bug?

A

Logic errors such as telling computer to repeat an operation but not how to stop repeating.

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7
Q

What is text completion?

A

Like predicted tense on phones. A.K.A. Intellisense.

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8
Q

Why do we need the translation process?

A

Computer system only understands machine code. i.e. program in python can’t be run directly, it must be translated. Source code is translated. It becomes object code which is understood.

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9
Q

What does the translator in the translation process do?

A

Checks program syntax, giving diagnostics. Translates program into object code.

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10
Q

What are diagnostics?

A

Syntax-error messages.

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11
Q

What are the 3 main types of translators?

A

Assemblers, Compilers and Interpreters.

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12
Q

What is an assembler?

A

Converts assembly language mnemonics into machine code.

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13
Q

What does an interpreter do?

A

Converts each instruction of source code into object code as program is run. Better interactive environment, but slower. Program is translated each time it’s executed.

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14
Q

What does a compiler do?

A

Converts entire source code into machine code so it can be run without further translation. Error correction is tedious.

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15
Q

What are the 3 main errors in programming?

A

Syntax, runtime and logical.

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16
Q

What is a syntax error?

A

Code doesn’t follow rules of programming language. e.g. Missed bracket, no speech marks, spelling error.

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17
Q

What is a runtime error?

A

When program runs, error occur. e.g. trying to divide a number by o or open a nonexistent file.

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18
Q

What is a logical error?

A

Program runs but gives unexpected results. e.g. mathematical operators used incorrectly < rather than >, no brackets around a calculation.

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19
Q

What is an algorithm?

A

A recipe that describes the exact steps needed for the computer to solve a problem or reach a goal.

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20
Q

What is pseudocode?

A

A set of specific instructions which are very similar to computer code, but not specific to any one computer. Must write start and end.

21
Q

What is a flowchart used for?

A

Clearly identify steps in a process that is to be programmed.

22
Q

What is syntax?

A

Set of rules on how to use and organise statements in a programming language.

23
Q 
What are the commands used to do these functions in python?:
Multiplication
Remainder
Exponent
Whole Number Division
A

*
%
**
//

24
Q

What is the order of operation in programming?

A

BIDMAS - Brackets, Indices, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction.

25
Q

What are variables?

A

Reserved memory locations to store values.

26
Q

What happens when you create a variable?

A

You reserve some space in memory.

27
Q

Where must the data used in a program be stored whilst it’s running?

A

In main memory.

28
Q

What do we use for variables so we can refer to them in memory?

A

Names

29
Q

What does the name of a variable refer to?
What does each variable have and what does this determine?
What is necessary when we assign a value to a variable?

A

Location of data item in memory.
Data type, what we can do with the data + how much space it takes up in memory.
Variable name must be created before value is assigned.

30
Q

Why is it important to choose the correct data type in programming?

A

It determines what actions we can perform on the data. e.g. Can’t add a text string by an integer.

31
Q

What are the 4 different programming data types?

A

Strings, integer, real and boolean.

32
Q

Describe strings.

A

Series of characters, in quotation marks (single/double). We can add them together (e.g. ‘birth’ + ‘day’ = ‘birthday’

33
Q

Describe integers.

A

A whole number (positive/negative). We can use a range of mathematical operations on them (+/-)

34
Q

Describe real as a data type.

A

Enables us to store a number with a fractional part. Sometimes called a decimal, float or double.

35
Q

Describe BOOLEAN.

A

Value can be True/False, Yes/No.

36
Q

What does python assume about all data entered using input ( )? Unless?

A

It’s a string. Type is cast into different data type. e.g. int(input).

37
Q

What are functions and procedures?

A

Blocks of organised code which perform specific tasks. We can reuse them to make code more efficient.

38
Q

What are built-in functions?

A

Ready made functions. e.g. print ( ) and input ( )

39
Q

What is a procedure?

A

Self contained block of code that performs a task e.g. calculate average of 2 numbers. May return a value, but doesn’t have to.

40
Q

What is a function?

A

Self contained block of code which performs a task. e.g. Asks for data input, checks it’s valid. Always returns a value.

41
Q

When you create programs, what must you ensure they are?

A

Easy to read, understand and maintain.

42
Q

How can programming issues be made easier to solve?

A

Break them down into a series of smaller steps which can be easier to understand or solve. The total solution is created when all the smaller sub-problems have been solved.

43
Q

What are the 3 constructs in structured programming?

A

Sequence, selection and iteration.

44
Q

What is source code?

A

A series of language statements written to solve a problem. The language the program is written in.

45
Q

What is iteration?

A

Repeating instructions/processes over + over again (for/while loop)

46
Q

What are while loops?

A

Conditional loops as they continue to loop until a condition is met.

47
Q

What are for loops?

A 
Loops for set number of times (number range or items in a list)
Usually range (num) - goes up to but doesn't include num.
48
Q

Bubble Sort

A

Up and down line swapping numbers if one on right is smaller.

49
Q

Insertion Sort

A

Uses temp to switch numbers.

CCEA AS Digital Technology (9 decks)

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