U2 L5 Basic operation And Set Up Of Camera And Lighting Flashcards
What is cinematography?
The art of visual storytelling
What is Film Composition?
the way an image is set up
What does the Z axis tell?
how far away things appear
What are the 3 layers of film composition?
- foreground
- middle ground
- background
What is foreground?
setting up the shot so objects and actions are closest to the camera
What is background?
parts of a scene that are in the back
What is middleground?
between foreground and background
What is the rule of thirds?
- technique where frame is divided into 3x3 grid
- subject is placed in any four vertices where boxes meet to make balanced composition
- placing slightly off center makes composition interesting and dynamic
What are the principles of the rule of thirds?
head and look room
What is head and look room?
giving subject room in direction they are facing
What is an extreme wide shot (EWS)?
- view so far that subject is not seen
- also called establishing shot
What is a very wide shot (VWS)?
subject established but is barely visible in the environment
What is a wide shot (WS)?
subject takes up full frame of picture
What is a medium shot (MS)?
- some part of subject is in detail while also giving impression of the whole subject
- waist up
What is a close up (CU)?
certain feature of subject takes up whole frame
What is an extreme close up (ECU)?
framed very closely to subject
eg. eyes
What are Cut-ins?
shows detail of subject
eg. gesturing hands
What are Cutaways?
shoes something other than subject
What is an over-the-shoulder shot (OSS)?
- shows subject while behind another person
- often used in interviews
What is white balance?
- function in camera that establishes the color of pure white
- without it, whites may appear orange, blue or green
What is Color Temperature?
-measurement in Kelvin (K) of the hue of a light
What are 2 color temperatures that are often discussed?
outdoor and indoor lighting
What is daylight lighting measured from?
5000 - 6500K
What is shaded daylight measured from?
8000 - 10,000K
What is indoor (tungsten) lighting measured from?
2500 - 3500K
What color temperatures are considered cool and warm?
warm- low temp, less than 5000K
cool- high temp, more than 5000K
What is Video Aspect Ratio?
width of the screen in relation to its height
What aspect ratio do todays television work with?
16:9
What is letterboxing?
black strips on the top and bottom of a film for a widescreen appearance
What is the most common lighting method?
three point set up
What are the lights in three point lighting?
key, fill, and back light
What is Key light?
- brightest light
- 30 degrees right/left and 30 degrees above
- if outdoors, sun can be key light
What is Fill light?
- softens shadows
- 30 degrees opposite the key
- eye level of subject
- should be dimmer than key light
What is Back light?
- above and behind subject and directed down on them
- separates them from background
What are Omnidirectional microphones?
picks up sound equally form all directions
What are Unidirectional microphones?
- picks up sound in front
- directed at any sound you want and away from unwanted sounds
- live sound
What are Bidirectional microphones?
- picks up sound from back and front
- performers with live audience
What are Handheld microphones?
- held by user
- mounted on floor or desk stand
What are Lavalier microphones?
- small mics hidden in actors clothing
- dialogue or interviews
What are Shotgun microphones?
- tube shape that covers microphones
- less sensitive to sound from sides and back
- news/reporters in loud settings
