U2 L3: Tools, Technology, And Equipment To Produce In Audio And Video Formats Flashcards
What are Radio stations and Content providers expected to provide?
- provide traditional content and supplement with other formats
- webpages
- social media
- apps to provide recorded concerts
- podcasts of events
What are Podcasts?
digital audio files on the internet which can be downloaded to a media player
What does the creation of new forms of distribution mean for the consumer?
- content can be accessed with different types of tech
- unlimited supply of content
What does the creation of new forms of distribution mean for professionals in the audio/video industry?
variety of tech and equipment for creating online and over-the-air distribution
What are 3 typical forms of equipment included in DAWs?
- computer
- digital audio software
- digital audio interface
What is the role of a computer in a DAW?
- center of system
- its subsystems determine how many audio tracks can be recorded or played at once
- determines how long processing will take for edits and other functions
What is the role of a digital audio software in a DAW?
- brain of workstation
- Garageband, Pro Tools, Ableton Live, Acid, Steinberg Cubase
What is the role of a digital audio interface in a DAW?
- devices that convert sound in and out of computer
- includes input and outputs in analog and digital formats
- quality of interface determines quality of audio
How are Digital audio interfaces connected with a DAW?
- FireWire
- USB cable
What is a FireWire?
Tech allowing high-speed exchange of data
What is a USB cable?
- Universal Serial Bus
- connects tech
What are Plug-ins?
software that helps program operate inside a recording software, and extend its capacity
What are some examples of Plug-ins?
- Virtual instruments
- Synthesizers
- Software samplers
What are the different forms of technology that listeners of radio programming use to access content?
- radio
- media players
- download to iPods/smartphones
- webpage
What is an Encoding sound cards?
- translates analog signals into digital signals
- signal is sampled and compressed to be transmitted on the Internet
What is the sampling rate of content that providers produce high quality or CD quality with?
44.1 kHz
What is a Sampling rate?
number of times an analog signal is sampled per second
What is the Bit depth each sample should have?
16 bits
What is Bit Depth?
Coding system used to measure the resolution in audio and video
What is Signal-to -Noise ratio? (S/N)
- method used by content providers to measure quality of sample
- greater number of bits= higher S/N ratio= better signal quality
How much decibels of signal to noise does each bit provide?
6 dB
8bit audio= 48 dB of signal to 1dB of noise
What is overhead?
additional bandwidth needed for optimal streaming
What is perceptual coding?
- coding based on the human ear
- eliminates softer sounds
What are servers?
computers used to run software and provide services to computer users
What are ISPs?
- internet service providers
- they may use/have multiple servers to accommodate the demand for content
What is the problem caused when a company both provides encoder/server software to a radio station, and creates playback software for a listener?
- listeners will need one brand of software to listen to one radio station and another to listen to another station
- they will compete with the default software on the user’s computer
What are on-demand files?
resources made available to a user as needed
How is a recording made so that it is high-quality?
- using high-quality speakers to judge quality
- using headphones to detect problems
- using prof recording and editing software
For recording material for downloading, what file format should you save it in?
MP3 (stands for MPEG-2, Audio Layer 3)
What is MPEG?
- Moving Picture Experts Group
- developed compression systems for video data
What format is video saved in?
MP4
What is the key to synchronizing audio and video?
- timecode
- also called SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) because they developed it
What is the format in which the SMPTE/timecode is displayed on a camera?
-hours, minutes, seconds, frames
Hours- 00-23
Min- 00-59
Sec-00-59
Frames- smallest
What is LTC?
- linear or longitudinal time code
- data in a series of waves recorded on an audio track of the device
What is VITC?
- vertical interval time code
- data is encoded into the blank “vertical interval” between video frames
(it’s kind of like a time code that is off-screen and not in the final picture)
Why do editors need to frequently synchronize audio to video?
- multiple camera shots
- audio tracks are added from a separate recording
Where is Timecode recorded on?
- video camera
- audio recording device
How do editors sync the code on the camera and audio device?
- they look for an audio spike in the video
- clapboard
Do consumer video cameras record a timecode?
Yes, but they may not meet SMPTE standards
