U2 KA3- Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
1
Q
How can carboxylic acids be prepared?
A
- by oxidising primary lcohols or aldehydes by heating them with acidified potassium dichromate
- hydrolysis of nitriles esters or amides with presence of a acid or base catalyst
2
Q
What can be produced in the hydrolysis of an amide?
A
Butanamide-> butanoic acid
3
Q
How can carboxylic acids be made from haloalkanes in a 2 stage process?
A
- stage 1- nucleophilic sub to form a nitrile
- must react with potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide (KCN or NaCN in ethanol)
- stage 2- acid hydrolysis of a nitrile to produce a carboxylic acid
** catalysed by H2O/H+**
4
Q
Properties of carboxylic acids
A
- weak acids
- capable of forming hydrogen bond
- small carboxylic acids are soluble in water
5
Q
Reactions of carboxylic acids
A
primary alcohols- reaction with LiAlH4
6
Q
What are amines?
A
derived from ammonia
one or more of the H replaced with an alkyl group
7
Q
How do you name amines?
A
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7
Q
A
