U2 KA1- molecular structure

Question 1

What is skeletal structure?

Answer 1

A way to draw complex molecules simply

Question 2

Atomic orbital

Answer 2

an area around an atom in which you are most likely to find an electron

Question 3

Molecular orbital

Answer 3

• more stable than atomic orbitals
• area of spacce around both atoms where the shared pair of electrons is likely to be found
• less energy than atoomic orbital

Question 4

Hybridisation in carbon

Answer 4

• bonds in methane are identical so much be degenerate but are not (occupy 1s 2s 2p)
• hybridisation solves this when one s (not the 1s orbital !!) can join to the 3p orbitls creating sp^3 orbitals

Question 5

Sigma bond

Answer 5

caused by the end on overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 6

sp^2 hybridisation

Answer 6

2s orbital and 2 out of 3 2p orbitals mix with each carbon atom to for 2 sp^2 orbitals

Question 7

pi bond

Answer 7

caused by the side on overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 8

alkane

bond types present, sigma+/pi, orbital overlap responsible

Answer 8

• single bonds
• sigma only
• sp^3 hybrid orbitals (end on overlap

Question 9

Alkene

bond types present, singma+/pi, orbital overlap responsible

Answer 9

• single bonds and double bond
• sigma and pi
• sp^2 hybrid orbitals- end on overlap
• p orbitals- side on overlap

Question 10

Alkyne

bond types present, sigma+/pi, orbital overlap responsible

Answer 10

• single bonds, triple bond
• signa and 2 pi bonds
• sp hybrid orbitals- end on overlap
• 2 sets of p orbitals- side on overlap