(U2) Equilibrium Flashcards

1
Q

What is a reversible reaction?

A

A reaction which goes in both the forward and backward directions

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2
Q

When is dynamic equilibria? (4)

A
  • reversible reaction
  • Where the rate of forward reaction = rate of the backward reaction
  • in a closed system
  • conc of reactants and products is constant
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3
Q

What is equilibrium? (2)

A
  • When a reversible reaction has a constant amount
  • of each reactant / product
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4
Q

What is a homogeneous reaction? (2)

A
  • A reaction in which all the reactants and products
  • are in the same physical state
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5
Q

What is a heterogeneous reaction? (2)

A
  • A reaction in which all the reactants and products
  • are not in the same physical state
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6
Q

State the equation for Kc

When can this be used?

A
  • Kc = ([C]c[D]d) / ([A]a[B]b)
  • for a reaction in the format:

aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD

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7
Q

When is a catalyst homogenous?

A

When the catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants

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8
Q

What are the conditions for the HABER process? (3)

A
  • 450ºC
  • 200 atm
  • granulated iron catalyst
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9
Q

What are the conditions for the contact process? (3)

A
  • 450ºC
  • 1-2 atm
  • Vanadium (V) oxide catalyst
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10
Q

What is the effect of increasing temperature on equilibrium

A

Moves equilibrium position toward endothermic reaction

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11
Q

What is the effect of decreasing temperature on equilibrium

A

Moves equilibrium position toward exothermic reaction

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12
Q

Effect of increasing pressure on equilibrium

A

Moves equilibrium position in the direction of the reaction which produces fewest moles of gas

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13
Q

Effect of decreasing pressure on equilibrium

A

Moves equilibrium position in the direction of the reaction which produces most moles of gas

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14
Q

What is the effect of a catalyst on equilibrium (3)

A
  • Speeds forward and reverse reaction equally,
  • equilibrium position does not change,
  • equilibrium is reached more quickly
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15
Q

Effect of increasing concentration on equilibrium

A

Moves equilibrium position in the direction of the reaction which produces fewest moles

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16
Q

Effect of decreasing concentration on equilibrium

A

Moves equilibrium position in the direction of the reaction which produces most moles

17
Q

How does the value of Kc relate to the position of equilibrium?

A
  • Kc > 1 = larger proportion of products —> more forward reaction —> equilibrium shifted right
  • Kc < 1 = larger proportion of reactants —> more reverse reaction —> equilibrium shifted left