U2 AOS1 Chapter 10 A&B

Question 1

acid base reaction

Answer 1

H+ is transferred from the acid to the base

Question 1

acid

Answer 1

species that donates a proton during an acid base reaction

Question 2

alkali

Answer 2

water-soluble base that neutralises acids

Question 3

amphiprotic

Answer 3

A species that can either accept or donate a proton.

Question 4

base

Answer 4

species that accepts a proton

Question 5

Bronsted Lowry theory

Answer 5

defines an acid as a hydrogen-ion donor, and a base as a hydrogen-ion acceptor

Question 6

corrosive

Answer 6

Highly reactive substance that causes obvious damage to other substances

Question 7

deprotonation

Answer 7

loss of a proton; forming of an acid

Question 8

diprotic

Answer 8

an acid that can donate up to two protons

Question 9

hydronium ion

Answer 9

positive ion, H30+

Question 10

hydroxide ion

Answer 10

negative ion, OH-

Question 11

monoprotic

Answer 11

An acid that can only donate one proton

Question 12

neutralise

Answer 12

react with acid or base to produce water

Question 13

polyprotic

Answer 13

an acid that can donate multiple protons during ionisation

Question 14

protonated water

Answer 14

hydronium, H3O+

Question 15

triprotic

Answer 15

an acid able to donate up to three protons

Question 16

strength

Answer 16

how readily an acid or base ionises

Question 17

properties of acids

Answer 17

1. sour
2. molucular
3. poorly conducts electricity
4. corrosive
5. dissolves in water
6. H+ ions
7. red litmus stays red, blue litmus turns red

Question 18

properties of bases

Answer 18

1. bitter
2. ionic
3. conducts electricity
4. can be corrosive
5. dissolves in water
6. red litmus turns blue, blue litmus stays blue

Question 19

acid equation eg.

Answer 19

HNO3 + H2O <-> NO3- +H3O+

Question 20

base equation (water) eg.

Answer 20

NH3 + H2O <-> NH4+ + OH-

Question 21

base equation (no water) eg.

Answer 21

NaOH <-> Na+ + OH-

Question 22

conjugate acid base pair

Answer 22

two species that differ by a single proton eg. NH3(aq) <-> NH4+

Question 23

amphiprotic species eg

Answer 23

water (H2O) bicarbonate (HCO3-) hydrogen sulfate (HSO4-), hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-)

Question 24

polyprotic substance conditions

Answer 24

depends on no. of acidic hydrogens (not total H) eg. CH3COOH (one disassociates)

Question 25

weak acid/base

Answer 25

1. only partially ionises in water 2. concentration of acid/base does not indicate concentration of hydronium/hydroxide ions 3. equilibrium arrow

Question 26

strong acid/base

Answer 26

1. ionises completely in water 2. concentration of acid/base is the same as the concentration of hydronium/hydroxide ions 3. no equilibrium arrow

Question 27

strong acid eg

Answer 27

sulfuric H2SO4, hydrochloric HCl, nitric HNO3

Question 28

weak acid eg.

Answer 28

ethanoic CH3COOH, carbonic H2CO3, ammonium NH4+,

Question 29

SHNECA

Answer 29

sulfuric (H₂SO₄), Hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO₃), ethanoic (CH₃COOH), carbonic (H₂CO₃), ammonia (CHOOH)

Question 30

concentration

Answer 30

quantity of solute present in a given quantity of solution (molarity (M) = mol/L)

Question 31

what makes an acid weak? Why can't it ionise completely?

Answer 31

with each depronotonation, harder for H+ to escape negative charge = decreasing distribution of ions

Question 32

antacid

Answer 32

weak base used to neutralise stomach acid

Question 33

heartburn

Answer 33

burning sensation produced by acid reflux into the esophagus

Question 34

indigestion

Answer 34

symptoms resulting from difficulty in digesting food

Question 35

neautralisation reaction

Answer 35

reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water

Question 36

ulcer

Answer 36

break in the lining of an organ ie stomach

Question 37

metal carbonate

Answer 37

base formed from metal cation and carbonate ions (CO3^2-)

Question 38

acid + metal carbonate

Answer 38

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 39

insoluble metal carbonate

Answer 39

remain in solid form eg. MgCO3, CaCO3

Question 40

metal hydrogen carbonate

Answer 40

containing metal cation and bicarbonate ion (HCO3)

Question 41

acid + metal hydrogen carbonate

Answer 41

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 42

spectator ion

Answer 42

an ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is in an aqueous state

Question 43

metal hydroxide

Answer 43

metal cation and hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 44

acid + metal hydroxide

Answer 44

salt + water

Question 45

acid + metal

Answer 45

salt + hydrogen gas

Question 46

acid + metal oxide

Answer 46

salt + water

Question 47

acidic non metal oxide + base

Answer 47

salt + water

Question 48

neutralisation reaction

Answer 48

acid + base = salt + water

Question 49

antacid side effects

Answer 49

Mg(OH2) = laxative, Al(OH)3 = constipation, NaHCO3, CaCO3 = bloating, burping, flatulence

Question 50

why are calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide not used as antacids?

Answer 50

antacids are weak, Ca(OH)2 and NaOH are strong bases

Question 51

g to mg conversion

Answer 51

1 g = 1000 mg

Question 52

acid vs conjugate base (strength)

Answer 52

if acid is strong, base is weak