u2: acid-base equilibrium

Question 1

ionization

example

Answer 1

• covalent compound like an acid (HCl) breaking up to form new ions as it associates with water
• involves polar covalent compounds/metals
• charged prod’ts always produced
• irreversible

Question 2

dissociation

example

Answer 2

• ionic compound breaking apart in solution (NaOH)
• involves ionic compounds that can make charged or neutral particles
• reversible

Question 3

arrhenius theory

Answer 3

• acid dissociates in water to produce one or more H+ ions
• base dissociates in water to produce one or more OH- ions

Question 4

limitations of arrhenius theory

Answer 4

• only explains rxns in water but they occur in other solvents
• H protons dont exist alone, exist as hydronium
• can’t explain why NH3 (ammonia) is a base

Question 5

bronsted-lowry theory

Answer 5

• acid is a substance which loses a proton (H+) to a base
• base is a substance which accepts a proton (H+) from an acid

Question 6

what is it called when a molecule/ion can accept or donate ion and thus act as acid or base. example?

Answer 6

• amphiprotic/amphotheric
• H2O

Question 7

[H3O+] > [OH-]

Answer 7

acidic

Question 8

[H3O+] = [OH-]

Answer 8

neutral (pH = 7)

Question 9

[H3O+] < [OH-]

Answer 9

basic

Question 10

in pure water at 25 degrees C, the concentration of hydronium ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions

Answer 10

[H3O+] = [OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-7 mol/L

Question 11

Kw increases as…

Answer 11

temperature increases

Question 12

Kw

Answer 12

• ion-prod’t constant of water
• Kw = [H3O+] [OH–] = 1x10^-14

Question 13

pH

Answer 13

pH = -log[H3O]

Question 14

[H3O]

Answer 14

10^-pH

Question 15

pOH

Answer 15

-log[OH]

Question 16

[OH]

Answer 16

10^-pOH

Question 17

at 25 degrees celsius, how many water molecules dissociate in pure water

Answer 17

2 in a billion