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National 4 Chemistry > U2-2 - Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

U2-2 - Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound which contains only hydrogen and carbon.

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2
Q

A group of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

A

Homologous series

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3
Q

Homologous series:

A group of _________ with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

A

Homologous series:

A group of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

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4
Q

Homologous series:

A group of compounds with the _________ and similar chemical properties.

A

Homologous series:

A group of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

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5
Q

Homologous series:

A group of compounds with the same general formula and _________.

A

Homologous series:

A group of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

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6
Q

All alkane names end in …

A

-ane.

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7
Q

Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which the C atoms are joined by _______ carbon-to-carbon bonds.

A

Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which the C atoms are joined by single carbon-to-carbon bonds.

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8
Q

How many bonds does a carbon atom make?

A

Four

(because valency of carbon is four)

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9
Q

Name this hydrocarbon

A

Methane

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10
Q

Name this hydrocarbon

A

Ethane

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11
Q

Name this hydrocarbon

A

Propane

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12
Q

Name this hydrocarbon

A

Butane

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13
Q

Name this hydrocarbon

A

Pentane

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14
Q

Name this hydrocarbon

A

Hexane

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15
Q

Name this hydrocarbon

A

Heptane

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16
Q

Name this hydrocarbon

A

Octane

17
Q

General formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

(Twice as many Hs as Cs, plus two more)

18
Q

Alkene molecules contain one …

A

double carbon-to-carbon bond, C=C.

19
Q

All alkene names end in …

A

-ene.

20
Q

What is missing from the name?

Butene

A

But-1-ene

Must show location of the double bond

21
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

22
Q

General formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

(twice as many Hs as Cs)

23
Q

Compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

A

Isomers

24
Q

Cycloalkanes have ___ structures.

A

ring

25
Q

Cycloalkane names start with ___ and end in ____.

A

Cycloalkane names start with cyclo- and end in -ane.

(e.g. cyclopentane)

26
Q

Name this hydrocarbon

A

Cyclohexane

27
Q

Name this hydrocarbon

A

Cyclopropane

28
Q

General formula for cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

(twice as many Hs as Cs)

29
Q

Which two homologous series are isomers?

A

Alkenes and cycloalkanes

(Both CnH2n)

30
Q

This hydrocarbon belongs to the … homologous series.

A

alkene

31
Q

This hydrocarbon belongs to the … homologous series.

A

alkane

32
Q

This hydrocarbon belongs to the … homologous series.

A

cycloalkane

33
Q

What makes this molecule saturated?

A

Only single C–C bonds.

34
Q

What makes this molecule unsaturated?

A

C=C (double) bond.

35
Q

Chemical test for unsaturation

A

Unsaturated compounds rapidly decolourise bromine water.

36
Q

A reaction that splits up long chain hydrocarbons into shorter, more useful ones by passing them over a heated catalyst.

A

Catalytic cracking

National 4 Chemistry (10 decks)

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