U1-2 - Atomic Bonding and Structure

Question 1

Column in the periodic table

Answer 1

Group

Question 2

Row in the periodic table

Answer 2

Period

Question 3

Name of group 1 in the periodic table

Answer 3

Alkali metals

Question 4

Name of group 7 in the period table

Answer 4

Halogens

Question 5

Name of group 0/8 in the periodic table

Answer 5

Noble gases

Question 6

List the diatomic elements (there are 7)

Answer 6

H₂ N₂ O₂ F₂ Cl₂ Br₂ I₂

Question 7

How can you remember which elements are diatomic?

Answer 7

If their names end in ‘gen’ or ‘ine’, they are diatomic. Remember: genuine.

(e.g. oxygen)

Question 8

A proton has a mass of ….. and a charge of …. .

Answer 8

mass = 1

charge = +1

Question 9

A neutron has a mass of …. and a charge of …. .

Answer 9

mass = 1

charge = 0

Question 10

An electron has a mass of …. and a charge of …. .

Answer 10

mass = 0

charge = –1

Question 11

Protons and neutrons are located in the …

Answer 11

nucleus.

Question 12

Electrons are located in …

Answer 12

electron shells.

Question 13

Atomic number

Answer 13

The number of protons. Defines an element.

Question 14

Mass number

Answer 14

The number of protons and neutrons

Question 15

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 15

No. of neutrons = Mass number – Atomic number

Question 16

Why are atoms neutral?

Answer 16

Equal number of protons and electrons.

+ and – charges cancel out.

Question 17

In the nuclide notation shown, 17 is the …

Answer 17

Atomic number

Question 18

In the nuclide notation shown, 35 is the …

Answer 18

Mass number

Question 19

How many electrons can fit in this shell?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

How many electrons can fit in this shell?

Answer 20

8

Question 21

What is a valence electron?

Answer 21

An electron in the outermost electron shell (furthest from the nucleus).

Question 22

This question is about electrons

All elements in the same group have the same no. of …..

Answer 22

valence electrons.

(e.g. all group 1 elements have 1 valence electron)

Question 23

This question is about electrons

All elements in the same period have the same no. of …..

Answer 23

occupied electron shells.

(e.g. all period 3 elements have 3 occupied shells)

Question 24

Ion

Answer 24

A charged atom formed when an atom has gained or lost electrons

Question 25

Why do atoms form **ions**?

Answer 25

To gain a **full outer shell** of electrons. This makes them **more stable**.

Question 26

Ions have the same **electron arrangement** as the nearest ....

Answer 26

Noble gas

Question 27

What is **wrong** with the charge shown? **Zn⁺²**

Answer 27

**Number** must be written **first**, then sign: **Zn²⁺**

Question 28

What is **wrong** with the charge shown? **^3–N**

Answer 28

Charge must be on the **right**: **N^3–**

Question 29

Explain why noble gases do **not** form ions.

Answer 29

They already have a **full outer shell**.

Question 30

The number of **protons**. Defines an element.

Answer 30

Atomic number

Question 31

Are **metal ions** positive or negative?

Answer 31

Positive

Question 32

Are **non-metal ions** positive or negative?

Answer 32

Negative

Question 33

The number of **protons and neutrons**

Answer 33

Mass number

Question 34

A charged atom formed when an atom has **gained** or **lost electrons**

Answer 34

Ion

Question 35

State the structure of **noble gases**.

Answer 35

**Monatomic** (exist as single atoms).

Question 36

Valency

Answer 36

The **no. of bonds** an atom can make

Question 37

What is the **valency** of elements in groups **1–4**?

Answer 37

**1, 2, 3, 4** – same as the **group number** | (e.g. Ca is in group 2, valency = 2)

Question 38

What is the **valency** of elements in groups **5–8**?

Answer 38

**3, 2, 1, 0** – same as the **no. of electrons** needed to get a **full** outer shell (e.g. Cl is in group 7, valency = 1)

Question 39

What does the **(III)** mean in iron(III) oxide?

Answer 39

**Valency** of iron is **3** | (III = roman numeral 3)

Question 40

The **valencies** of two elements are shown. **Fe N** **2 3** What do you do to get the **formula** for a compound of Fe and N?

Answer 40

We must **cross over** the valencies: **Fe₃N₂**

Question 41

The valencies of two elements were **crossed over**, giving the following formula: **Mn₂O₄** What must be done **next**?

Answer 41

We must **simplify** the formula (to the simplest whole number ratio, so 2 : 4 = **1 : 2**) **MnO₂**

Question 42

The **charge number** of an ion is equal to the element's ...

Answer 42

**valency**. | (e.g. O has valency 2, and charge 2–)

Question 43

Formula mass

Answer 43

The **sum** of all the **masses** of all the atoms present. E.g. H₂O: 2 x 1 + 1 x 16 = 18

Question 44

**Ionic** bonds form between …

Answer 44

**metals** and **non-metals**. (e.g. NaCl)

Question 45

**Covalent** bonds form between …

Answer 45

**non-metal** atoms. (e.g. CO)

Question 46

Ionic bond

Answer 46

The electrostatic **attraction** between **positive** and **negative** ions.

Question 47

Covalent bond

Answer 47

The **attraction** two positive nuclei have for a **shared** pair of e⁻.

Question 48

Draw a diagram, showing all outer electrons, to represent a molecule of ammonia, NH₃.

Answer 48

Question 49

**Low** melting point: covalent or ionic?

Answer 49

Covalent

Question 50

Very **high** melting point: covalent or ionic?

Answer 50

Ionic

Question 51

Structure of an **ionic solid**

Answer 51

Ionic lattice

Question 52

Type of **bond** formed between two **non-metals**

Answer 52

Covalent

Question 53

Type of **bond** formed between a **metal** an a **non-metal**

Answer 53

Ionic

Question 54

Conducts **electricity**: covalent or ionic?

Answer 54

Ionic

Question 55

When can an **ionic** compound conduct **electricity**?

Answer 55

When **molten** or **dissolved**.

Question 56

The electrostatic **attraction** between **positive** and **negative** ions.

Answer 56

An ionic bond

Question 57

There are **two** compounds, one **ionic** and one **covalent**. How can you **test** them to find out which is which?

Answer 57

**Conductivity test:** Does **not** conduct at all = **covalent** **Conducts** when molten or dissolved = **ionic**