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National 4 Chemistry > U1-3 - Acids and Bases > Flashcards

U1-3 - Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is pH?

A

A number that measures how acidic or alkaline something is.

(Usually 0–14)

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2
Q

Acidic solutions have pH…

A

less than 7.

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3
Q

Alkaline solutions have pH…

A

more than 7.

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4
Q

Neutral solutions have pH…

A

equal to 7.

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5
Q

Colour of universal indicator in neutral solutions

A

Green

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6
Q

Colour of universal indicator in alkalis

A

Blue/purple

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7
Q

Colour of universal indicator in acid

A

Red

(red/orange/yellow)

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8
Q

Ions which make a solution acidic

A

H+ (hydrogen)

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9
Q

Ions which make a solution alkaline

A

OH– (hydroxide)

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10
Q

Formula for hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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11
Q

Formula for sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

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12
Q

Formula for nitric acid

A

HNO3

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13
Q

Acid

A

Substance which contains hydrogen ions (H+)

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14
Q

Alkali

A

Substance which contains hydroxide ions (OH–)

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15
Q

Why is water neutral?

A

Equal numbers of H+ and OH– ions.

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16
Q

Formula for phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

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17
Q

If an alkali is diluted, the pH …

A

decreases.

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18
Q

If an acid is diluted, the pH …

A

increases.

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19
Q

If a solution is diluted, the concentrations of H+ and OH– ions …

A

decrease.

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20
Q

If a solution is diluted, the pH moves towards…

A

7.

(it cannot go past 7)

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21
Q

Soluble metal oxides turn solution pH…

A

alkaline.

22
Q

Soluble non-metal oxides turn solution pH…

A

acidic.

23
Q

Insolube oxides turn solution pH…

A

neutral (no effect).

24
Q

Environmental problems caused by non-metal oxide gases

A

Acid rain, ocean acidification, greenhouse effect.

25
Q

Gases which cause acid rain

A

Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides

26
Q

Neutralisation

A

A reaction between an acid and a base which produces a salt and water.

27
Q

Base

A

A substance which can neutralise an acid

28
Q

Salt

A

A compound made when the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions.

29
Q

Metal …., ….and … are bases.

A

Metal oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are bases.

30
Q

Metal hydroxide + Acid → …

A

Salt + Water

31
Q

A compound made when the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions.

A

Salt

32
Q

Sulfuric acid makes …. salts.

A

sulfate

33
Q

Hydrochloric acid makes …. salts.

A

chloride

34
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

A

Both neutralise acids, but an alkali must also be soluble in water

35
Q

Metal oxide + Acid → …

A

Salt + Water

36
Q

Metal carbonate + Acid → …

A

Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

37
Q

Soluble base

A

Alkali

38
Q

Sodium chloride is a salt.

Where does the ‘sodium’ part come from?

A

Parent base

(sodium oxide, hydroxide or carbonate)

39
Q

Sodium chloride is a salt.

Where does the ‘chloride’ part come from?

A

Parent acid

(hydrochloric acid)

40
Q

Phosphoric acid makes …. salts.

A

phosphate

41
Q

Nitric acid makes …. salts.

A

nitrate

42
Q

Colour of phenolphthalein in alkaline solutions

A

Pink

43
Q

An insoluble metal carbonate reacts with an acid.

How do you know the reaction is finished?

A

Effervescence (fizzing) has stopped.

44
Q

Lab technique used to separate a solid from a liquid.

A

Filtration

45
Q

Lab technique used to separate a dissolved solid from a liquid.

A

Evaporation

46
Q

Why are acids added to food?

A

To improve flavour or to act as preservatives

47
Q

Preservative

A

A substance which prevents food from spoiling

(e.g. ascorbic acid)

48
Q

Negative effects of consuming too much acidic food/drink

A

Tooth decay, indigestion

49
Q

Colour of phenolphthalein in acidic and neutral solutions

A

Colourless

(NOT clear!)

50
Q

What is the point of titration?

A

To find out an unknown concentration.

51
Q

During a titration, what tells you the reaction is finished?

A

The first permanent colour change

National 4 Chemistry (10 decks)

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