U1AoS2 - Child Language Acquisition Flashcards
Phonetics
Individual speech sounds that link to the International Phonetic Alphabet
Phonology
Sound Systems and patterns of sounds
Phoneme
Distinct unit of sound
Voiced Sounds
Uses vibration of the vocal chords
Voiceless Sounds
No vibration of the vocal chords
p, f, t, s, k, th
Prosodic Features
Pitch, Intonation, Volume, Tempo and Stress
Pitch
High or low sounds
Intonation
Pattern of changes of pitch, rise and fall
Volume
Loudly vs Quietly
Tempo
Faster vs slower pace
Stress
Emphasise
Place of articulation
Articulators in our mouth make sound eg. lips, tongue, teeth and palate
Sounds produced through either oral and naval cavity
Connected speech processes
Assimilation, elision, vowel reduction and insertion
Assimilation
Sounds change as they are affected by neighboring sounds.
Elision
Omission of vowels and consonants
Vowel reduction
unstressed sounds change and become a schwa
insertion
extra sounds or syllables
Learning
intentional process
presupposes teaching
teacher controls pace
Acquisition
subconscious, natural process
does not presuppose teaching
child controls pace (different rate)
Developmental stages
- Child language acquisition follows a predictable sequence
- variation of age
- characterised by acquisition of particular abilities.
Pre-verbal stage age range
0 - 3 months
Pre - verbal stage characteristics
- baby’s vocal and body responses differ
- receive and recognise a voice
- turn-taking skills that imitate conversation
- different cry for different needs
- use vowels
- impulse
What is the pre-verbal stage?
Refers to anything a baby says or does before meaningful words are used
Babbling stage age range
3 - 12 months
Babbling stage at 3 months
- produce a range of speech sounds deliberately
- mostly vowels
- communicate contentment and discomfort
- recognise unfamiliar sounds
- star to smile
Babbling stage at 4-6 months
- tone
- vocal play
- urgent tone
- voiced bilabial sounds (b,p)
- stops and nasals
- reduplication (ba ba ba)
Babbling stage at 7 - 12 months
- connection between meaning and word
- recognition of objects
- respond to a direction
One word stage
- discovering connection between sound/meaning
- one word takes place of whole phrase
- deliberate
- internation/emphasise
- use words with most information
- naming before asking
- learning familiar objects/people
- social value of speech
One word stage age range
12 - 18 months
Two word stage age range
1 - 2 years
Two word stage characteristics
- two word utterances
- subject and verb, verb and object, adjective and noun
- rely on open class words
- produce 50 - 200 words
