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English Language > U1AoS1 - Nature and Functions of Language > Flashcards

U1AoS1 - Nature and Functions of Language Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Clause

A
  • Larger unit than a phrase
  • Must have at least a subject and verb
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2
Q

Phrase

A
  • Clusters of words that form a grammatical unit but are smaller than clauses
  • Named after word class of most important word
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3
Q

Affix

A

Morphemes attached to a stem
- Prefix
- Suffix
- Infix

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4
Q

Function words

A

Structural functional words
Help grammatical structure
Closed class words
- Pronouns
- Determiners
- Conjunctions
- Prepositions
- Auxiliary verbs
- Modal verbs

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5
Q

Articles

A

“a”, “an”, “the”
Determiner if a word is a noun

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6
Q

Preposition

A

Express spatial information such as position or place.

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7
Q

Assimilation

A

When sounds change to be more like neighboring sounds.
- Makes sequences of sounds easier to produce.

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8
Q

Insertion

A

Inserting extra sounds or syllables making sequences of sounds easier to produce.

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9
Q

Vowel reduction

A

Omission of unstressed vowels in everyday speech.
Sounds become a schwa.

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10
Q

Phonetics

A

The study of speech sounds, the individual speech sounds.

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11
Q

Independent Clause

A
  • Can stand on own
  • Main clause
  • Must have the subject and verb phrase
  • Grammatically complete
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12
Q

Compound - complex sentences

A

Two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent.
Joined by coordinators and subordinators.

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13
Q

Dependent clause

A
  • Cannot stand alone
  • Subordinate clause
  • Must connect to the main clause
  • Grammatically incomplete
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14
Q

How are sentences classified?

A

Structure or communicative function

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15
Q

Types of clauses

A

subject + verb
subject + verb + object
subject + verb + adverb
subject + verb + object + adverb

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16
Q

Types of sentences

A

Simple, compound, complex, compound - complex

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17
Q

Simple sentence

A

Contains a single independent clause

18
Q

Compound sentence

A

Two or more independent clauses joined by coordinators and semi-colons

19
Q

Complex sentence

A

One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
Joined by subordinators only

20
Q

Exclamative

A

Express with strong emotion.
Begin with how or what
!

21
Q

Phrasal verbs

A
  • verb + adverb
  • verb + preposition
  • verb + adverb + preposition
    Meaning is different to the original meaning
22
Q

Prepositional verb

A

Verb + preposition
- Cannot stand alone, must be followed by noun phrase
- Cannot be separated
eg. “Listen to”

23
Q

Elision

A

Phonological speech process in which sounds are omitted in connected speech.
Ensures natural flowing speed, more efficient

24
Q

Direct object

A

Receives the action of the verb

25
Q

Displacement

A
  • talk about things remote from the here and now
  • animals are stimulus bound
  • do not exhibit displacement
  • humans not restricted
26
Q

Manner of articulation

A

How air flow from the lungs is restricted/obstructed in some way.

27
Q

Types of morphemes

A

Free and bound

28
Q

What are connected speech processes?

A

Changes/modifications/alterations made to pronunciation of words when they are in context.

29
Q

Indirect object

A

Precede and receive the object in a sentence.

30
Q

Object

A

Noun phrase impacted by the action of the verb
Direct/indirect

31
Q

Root morpheme

A

Semantic base or center of word
Smallest unit in which new words are built.

32
Q

Morphology

A

The study of the internal structure of word and how they are forced.

33
Q

Modal verbs

A

Allow use to vary meaning of lexical verbs to include necessity, obligation or probability of an action
- could
- would
- should
- shall
- must
- may
- will
- might
- can
- shall

34
Q

Auxiliary verbs

A

Used to construct different timescales, questions, add emphasis or give information or mood
- to do
- to have
- to be

35
Q

Interjections

A

Emotive, single words

36
Q

Syntax

A

How words relate to each other and combine to form sentences

37
Q

Adjectival phrases

A

Adjective is the main word
Premodifiers = precede noun

38
Q

Verb phrase

A

Generally has a lexical verb as its main verb. This carries the main meaning of the verb phrase.

39
Q

Noun phrase

A

Usually begins with a determiner and has a noun as its most important word

40
Q

Order of sentence parts

A

Morphemes
Lexemes
Phrases
Clauses

41
Q

Inflectional morphemes

A

Do not change the meaning or word class
Provide additional grammatical information such as plurality, possession or tense.

42
Q
A

English Language (5 decks)

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