U.1 K.A.7 Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What name is given to the series of metabolic pathways that brings about the release of energy from a foodstuff and the regeneration of ATP?

A

Respiration

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2
Q

A molecule of ATP is composed of what two components?

A

Adenosine and three molecules of inorganic phosphate (adenosine tri-phosphate)

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3
Q

When ATP breaks down what is formed?

A

ADP + Pi

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4
Q

What is released during the breaking of the terminal bond in ATP?

A

Energy

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5
Q

Name 3 processes in the body that require ATP.

A
  • Muscle contraction
  • Nerve impulses
  • Protein synthesis
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6
Q

What name is given to the process by which phosphate is added to ADP?

A

Phosphorylation

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7
Q

Name the 3 stages in respiration.

A
  • Glycolysis
  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • Electron Transport Chain
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8
Q

Name the two phases of Glycolysis.

A
  • Energy investment phase

- Energy payoff phase

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9
Q

Where in the cell does Glycolysis take place?

A

Cytoplasm

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10
Q

How many ATPs need to be invested in the energy investment phase of Glycolysis?

A

2ATP

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11
Q

How many ATPs are made during the energy payoff phase to give a net gain of 2ATPs?

A

4ATP

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12
Q

What enzymes remove hydrogen ions and electrons from glucose?

A

Dehydrogenase enzymes

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13
Q

Name the coenzyme molecule that acts as a carrier of the hydrogen ions and electrons.

A

NAD

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14
Q

What does NAD become when H+ and electrons are picked up by it?

A

NADH

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15
Q

Where are all the H+ ions and electrons taken to by the NADH?

A

Electron Transport Chain

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16
Q

Is oxygen required for Glycolysis?

A

No

17
Q

Under what conditions will the next stage, Citric Acid Cycle take place?

A

Oxygen must be present

18
Q

What is the final product of Glycolysis that passes to the Citric Acid Cycle?

A

Pyruvate

19
Q

Where does pyruvate diffuse in to take part in the Citric Acid Cycle?

A

The central matrix of the mitochondria

20
Q

What does pyruvate combine with to form Citrate in the Citric Acid Cycle?

A

Oxaloacetate

21
Q

What gas is released as a waste gas during Citric Acid Cycle ?

A

Carbon dioxide

22
Q

What does citrate break down into during the Citric Acid Cycle?

A

Oxaloacetate

23
Q

What do dehydrogenase enzymes do during the Citric Acid Cycle?

A

Remove hydrogen ions and electrons

24
Q

Name the carrier that transports the hydrogen ions and electrons to the 3rd stage of respiration.

A

NAD

25
Q

How many ATPs are made during the Citric Acid Cycle?

A

1ATP

26
Q

What does the Electron Transport Chain consist of?

A

A series of electron acceptors

27
Q

What is used to pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

A

Electrons

28
Q

There is enough energy released to drive the reaction between ADP and Pi how many times?

A

35

29
Q

Which enzyme is used to join ADP and Pi together during the Electron Transport Chain?

A

ATP synthase

30
Q

What is the name of the final electron acceptor?

A

Oxygen

31
Q

Whenever hydrogen ions combine with oxygen during the Electron Transport Chain, what is formed?

A

Water

32
Q

Is oxygen needed for the Electron Transport Chain?

A

Yes because it acts as the final electron acceptor

33
Q

Name some energy requiring processes in the body.

A
  • Nerve impulses
  • Muscle contractions
  • Protein synthesis
34
Q

Why is it that at any given time, the body has a fairly constant amount of ATP, some 50g, yet it is constantly been made?

A

It is being broken down just as fast as it is being made