U.1 KA.2 Structure and Replication of DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

To which carbon attachment points do bases and phosphates attach in a DNA nucleotide?

A

Carbon 1 and Carbon 5

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2
Q

What name is given to the backbone of a DNA strand formed from deoxyribose sugar and phosphate?

A

Sugar-Phosphate-Backbone

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3
Q

What type of bonds form between bases in two complimentary strands?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

What term is used to describe the fact that the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions?

A

Antiparallel

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5
Q

Name the two ends of one DNA strand.

A

3’ and 5’ ends

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6
Q

What name is given to the arrangement of the two strands of DNA?

A

Double stranded helix

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7
Q

What name is given to the strand that is found on the left hand side on a DNA strand that runs from 3’ to 5’?

A

Leading strand

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8
Q

What name is given to the short sequence of nucleotides that attach to the 3’ end of the parental strand about to be replicated?

A

Primer

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9
Q

What name is given to the enzyme needed to replicate the strands during DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase

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10
Q

How is the replication of the leading strand described because it is replicated without any interruptions?

A

Continuous

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11
Q

What name is given to the strand opposite the leading strand?

A

Lagging strand

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12
Q

How is replication of the lagging strand described because it is replicated in fragments?

A

Discontinuous

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13
Q

Name the enzyme needed to join the fragments together in the lagging strand.

A

Ligase

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14
Q

Name 5 requirements of DNA replication.

A
  • DNA template strand
  • ATP
  • DNA nucleotides
  • Primers
  • DNA polymerase
  • Ligase
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15
Q

What name is given to the technique that can be used to create many copies of a piece of DNA outside the body?

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

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16
Q

What word is used to describe the fact that you are making multiple copies of a piece of DNA in PCR?

A

Amplification

17
Q

Describe the first stage of PCR.

A

Heat the DNA strand to between 92 and 98 degrees C to break the hydrogen bonds and separate the strands

18
Q

The next stage of PCR after heating involves cooling the DNA down to between 50 and 65 degrees. Why does the DNA have to be cooled?

A

So that primers can attach

19
Q

Lastly the DNA is heated to between 70 and 80 degrees to allow an enzyme to replicate the strand. Name the enzyme.

A

Heat -tolerant DNA polymerase

20
Q

Name three uses of amplified DNA produced through PCR.

A
  • Forensic testing
  • Paternity disputes
  • Genetic disorder diagnosis