U1. Characteristics of living things and classification

Question 1

Name the 7 characteristics of living things

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
(MRS GREN)

Question 2

Define movement

Answer 2

action by an organism/part of an organism
causing a change of position or place

Question 3

Define respiration

Answer 3

chemical reactions
that break down nutrient molecules in living cells
release energy for metabolism

Question 4

Define sensitivity

Answer 4

ability to detect or respond to the stimuli
in the internal or external environment

Question 5

Define growth

Answer 5

a permanent increase in size and dry mass
by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

Question 6

Define reproduction

Answer 6

Process that makes more of the same kind of organism

Question 7

Define excretion

Answer 7

the removal from organisms of
-toxic materials
-waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration)
-substances in excess of requirements

Question 8

Define nutrition

Answer 8

the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

Question 9

Define species

Answer 9

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 10

In what ways can species be classified into groups?

Answer 10

they can be classified into groups by the features they share

Question 11

Classification hierachy sequence

Answer 11

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

King Phillips Came Over For Good Soup

King Phillips Came Over For Grandma’s Spaghetti

Question 12

How does the binomial system work? (how are they classified and named)

Answer 12

First name: Genus (capitalised)
Second name: species (lower case)

eg. Panthera leo

Question 13

Why do organisms share features?

Answer 13

originally descend from a common ancestor

Question 14

What does it show if the base sequences in the DNA of two species are similar?

Answer 14

More closely related, and organisms which share a more recent ancestor have base sequences in DNA that are more similar to those that share only a distant ancestor

Question 15

How does the sequence of the bases in DNA help classify species?

Answer 15

When different species are very similar morphologically (in appearance) and anatomically (internal structure), DNA bases are used as a means of classification

Question 16

What is a kingdom?

Answer 16

a category of living organisms

Question 17

Name the 3 modes of nutrition

Answer 17

Autotrophic, heterotrophic, saprophytic

Question 18

Define autotrophic and name it’s name in food chains

Answer 18

produce its own food – producers

Question 19

Define heterotrophic and name it’s name in food chains

Answer 19

need to feed on other organisms – consumers

Question 20

Define saprophytic and name it’s name in food chains

Answer 20

releases enzymes and digest food, decay matter outside its body – decomposers

Question 21

Name the 5 kingdoms

Answer 21

Animal, plant, fungus, prokaryote, protoctist

Question 22

What are the main features of all animals? (multi/unicellular, cell wall, nucleus, modes of nutrition)

Answer 22

• multicellular
• no cell wall
• has nucleus
• heterotrophic

Question 23

What are the main features of all plants? (multi/unicellular, cell wall, nucleus, modes of nutrition)

Answer 23

• multicellular
• has a cell wall (cellulose)
• has nucleus
• autotrophic

Question 24

What are the main features of all fungi? (multi/unicellular, cell wall, nucleus, modes of nutrition, reproduction…)

Answer 24

• some are multicellular, some are unicellular
• has a cell wall (chitin)
• has a nucleus
• saprophytic
• asexual reproduction (spores)
• produce spores
• has hyphae (mycelium)

Question 25

What are the main features of all protoctists? (multi/unicellular, cell wall, nucleus, modes of nutrition, reproduction)

Answer 25

- unicellular - some has cell wall - some has nucleus - autotrophic and saprophytic - asexual & sexual reproduction

Question 26

What are the main features of all prokaryotes? (multi/unicellular, cell wall, nucleus, modes of nutrition, reproduction...)

Answer 26

- unicellular - has cell wall - NO nucleus - has circular strand of DNA and plasmid (small loops of DNA) - heterotrophic, saprophytic - has a flagella - produce spores - asexual reproduction (binary fission)

Question 27

What are animals classifed as?

Answer 27

Vertebrates and arthropods

Question 28

What do vertebrates have in common?

Answer 28

- back bone | - internal skeleton

Question 29

What are the five vertebrates?

Answer 29

Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals

Question 30

Fish: skin, ears, breathing, movement, fertilisation, development, cold/warm

Answer 30

- skin: moist, covered with scales - no ears - breathing: gill - fins for swimming - external fertilisation - external development - cold blooded

Question 31

Amphibians: skin, ears, breathing, movement, fertilisation, development, cold/warm

Answer 31

- skin: moist, smooth - has ears - breathing: young - gills, adults - skin and lungs - movement: limbs - external fertilisation - external development - cold-blooded -> frogs

Question 32

Reptiles: skin, ears, breathing, movement, fertilisation, development, cold/warm

Answer 32

- skin: dry, scale - have ears - lungs to breathe - body for movement - internal fertilisation (eggs are waterproof) - external development - cold blooded -> lizards

Question 33

Birds: skin, ears, breathing, movement, fertilisation, development, cold/warm

Answer 33

- skin: fur - has ears - lungs to breathe - wings for flying - internal fertilization (eggs have a hard shell) - external development - warm blooded

Question 34

mammals: skin, ears, breathing, movement, fertilisation, development, cold/warm

Answer 34

- skin: covered with fur or hair - have ears (with external pinna) - lungs for breathing - limbs for movement - internal fertilisation - internal development - warm blooded

Question 35

What do arthropods have in common?

Answer 35

- joint legs - covered with a hard exoskeleton - have segmented bodies

Question 36

What is cephalothorax?

Answer 36

The head and neck segment

Question 37

What is the function of antenna?

Answer 37

- detect changes in environment | - communicate with others

Question 38

Name the four arthropods

Answer 38

Crustaceans, myriapods, insects, arachnids

Question 39

Give an example for each arthropod

Answer 39

Crustaceans: shrimp Myriapods: centipede Insect: bee Arachnids: spider

Question 40

Crustaceans: pairs of legs, body regions, pairs of antennae, types of eyes, wings, special feature

Answer 40

- 5 or more - 2 (cephalothorax and abdomen) - 2 pairs - compound eyes - no wings - calcified hard exoskeleton

Question 41

Myriapods: pairs of legs, body regions, pairs of antennae, types of eyes, wings, special feature

Answer 41

- 10+ - many - 1 pair - simple eyes - no wings - each segment has 1/2 pairs of legs

Question 42

Insects: pairs of legs, body regions, pairs of antennae, types of eyes, wings, special feature

Answer 42

- 3 pairs - 3 segments (head, thorax, abdomen) - 1 pair - compound eyes - 2 pairs of wings - cuticle covering the body prevents water

Question 43

Arachnids: pairs of legs, body regions, pairs of antennae, types of eyes, wings, special feature

Answer 43

- 4 pairs - 2 segments (cephalothorax, abdomen) - no antennae - simple eyes - no wings - poisonous chelicerae (biting)

Question 44

What do verns and flowering plants have in common? List two

Answer 44

- vascular system | - leaves, stems, roots

Question 45

What key feature is present in flowering plants and absent in ferns?

Answer 45

flowering plants have seeds, ferns do not

Question 46

Features of monocot: cotyledon, leaf shape, vascular system, petals

Answer 46

- single cotyledon - parallel, long - scattered, parallel - flowers parts (x3)

Question 47

Features of dicot: cotyledon, leaf shape, vascular system, petals

Answer 47

- two cotyledon - broad leaf - network of veins - flower parts (x4/x5)

Question 48

What are the main features of virus?

Answer 48

- protein coat: protect genetic material - genetic material: reproduce in host cell - surface protein: recognise to host