U1. Characteristics of living things and classification Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 7 characteristics of living things

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
(MRS GREN)

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2
Q

Define movement

A

action by an organism/part of an organism
causing a change of position or place

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3
Q

Define respiration

A

chemical reactions
that break down nutrient molecules in living cells
release energy for metabolism

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4
Q

Define sensitivity

A

ability to detect or respond to the stimuli
in the internal or external environment

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5
Q

Define growth

A

a permanent increase in size and dry mass
by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

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6
Q

Define reproduction

A

Process that makes more of the same kind of organism

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7
Q

Define excretion

A

the removal from organisms of
-toxic materials
-waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration)
-substances in excess of requirements

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8
Q

Define nutrition

A

the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

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9
Q

Define species

A

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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10
Q

In what ways can species be classified into groups?

A

they can be classified into groups by the features they share

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11
Q

Classification hierachy sequence

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

King Phillips Came Over For Good Soup

King Phillips Came Over For Grandma’s Spaghetti

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12
Q

How does the binomial system work? (how are they classified and named)

A

First name: Genus (capitalised)
Second name: species (lower case)

eg. Panthera leo

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13
Q

Why do organisms share features?

A

originally descend from a common ancestor

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14
Q

What does it show if the base sequences in the DNA of two species are similar?

A

More closely related, and organisms which share a more recent ancestor have base sequences in DNA that are more similar to those that share only a distant ancestor

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15
Q

How does the sequence of the bases in DNA help classify species?

A

When different species are very similar morphologically (in appearance) and anatomically (internal structure), DNA bases are used as a means of classification

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16
Q

What is a kingdom?

A

a category of living organisms

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17
Q

Name the 3 modes of nutrition

A

Autotrophic, heterotrophic, saprophytic

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18
Q

Define autotrophic and name it’s name in food chains

A

produce its own food – producers

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19
Q

Define heterotrophic and name it’s name in food chains

A

need to feed on other organisms – consumers

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20
Q

Define saprophytic and name it’s name in food chains

A

releases enzymes and digest food, decay matter outside its body – decomposers

21
Q

Name the 5 kingdoms

A

Animal, plant, fungus, prokaryote, protoctist

22
Q

What are the main features of all animals? (multi/unicellular, cell wall, nucleus, modes of nutrition)

A
  • multicellular
  • no cell wall
  • has nucleus
  • heterotrophic
23
Q

What are the main features of all plants? (multi/unicellular, cell wall, nucleus, modes of nutrition)

A
  • multicellular
  • has a cell wall (cellulose)
  • has nucleus
  • autotrophic
24
Q

What are the main features of all fungi? (multi/unicellular, cell wall, nucleus, modes of nutrition, reproduction…)

A
  • some are multicellular, some are unicellular
  • has a cell wall (chitin)
  • has a nucleus
  • saprophytic
  • asexual reproduction (spores)
  • produce spores
  • has hyphae (mycelium)
25
Q

What are the main features of all protoctists? (multi/unicellular, cell wall, nucleus, modes of nutrition, reproduction)

A
  • unicellular
  • some has cell wall
  • some has nucleus
  • autotrophic and saprophytic
  • asexual & sexual reproduction
26
Q

What are the main features of all prokaryotes? (multi/unicellular, cell wall, nucleus, modes of nutrition, reproduction…)

A
  • unicellular
  • has cell wall
  • NO nucleus
  • has circular strand of DNA and plasmid (small loops of DNA)
  • heterotrophic, saprophytic
  • has a flagella
  • produce spores
  • asexual reproduction (binary fission)
27
Q

What are animals classifed as?

A

Vertebrates and arthropods

28
Q

What do vertebrates have in common?

A
  • back bone

- internal skeleton

29
Q

What are the five vertebrates?

A

Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals

30
Q

Fish: skin, ears, breathing, movement, fertilisation, development, cold/warm

A
  • skin: moist, covered with scales
  • no ears
  • breathing: gill
  • fins for swimming
  • external fertilisation
  • external development
  • cold blooded
31
Q

Amphibians: skin, ears, breathing, movement, fertilisation, development, cold/warm

A
  • skin: moist, smooth
  • has ears
  • breathing: young - gills, adults - skin and lungs
  • movement: limbs
  • external fertilisation
  • external development
  • cold-blooded

-> frogs

32
Q

Reptiles: skin, ears, breathing, movement, fertilisation, development, cold/warm

A
  • skin: dry, scale
  • have ears
  • lungs to breathe
  • body for movement
  • internal fertilisation (eggs are waterproof)
  • external development
  • cold blooded

-> lizards

33
Q

Birds: skin, ears, breathing, movement, fertilisation, development, cold/warm

A
  • skin: fur
  • has ears
  • lungs to breathe
  • wings for flying
  • internal fertilization (eggs have a hard shell)
  • external development
  • warm blooded
34
Q

mammals: skin, ears, breathing, movement, fertilisation, development, cold/warm

A
  • skin: covered with fur or hair
  • have ears (with external pinna)
  • lungs for breathing
  • limbs for movement
  • internal fertilisation
  • internal development
  • warm blooded
35
Q

What do arthropods have in common?

A
  • joint legs
  • covered with a hard exoskeleton
  • have segmented bodies
36
Q

What is cephalothorax?

A

The head and neck segment

37
Q

What is the function of antenna?

A
  • detect changes in environment

- communicate with others

38
Q

Name the four arthropods

A

Crustaceans, myriapods, insects, arachnids

39
Q

Give an example for each arthropod

A

Crustaceans: shrimp
Myriapods: centipede
Insect: bee
Arachnids: spider

40
Q

Crustaceans: pairs of legs, body regions, pairs of antennae, types of eyes, wings, special feature

A
  • 5 or more
  • 2 (cephalothorax and abdomen)
  • 2 pairs
  • compound eyes
  • no wings
  • calcified hard exoskeleton
41
Q

Myriapods: pairs of legs, body regions, pairs of antennae, types of eyes, wings, special feature

A
  • 10+
  • many
  • 1 pair
  • simple eyes
  • no wings
  • each segment has 1/2 pairs of legs
42
Q

Insects: pairs of legs, body regions, pairs of antennae, types of eyes, wings, special feature

A
  • 3 pairs
  • 3 segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
  • 1 pair
  • compound eyes
  • 2 pairs of wings
  • cuticle covering the body prevents water
43
Q

Arachnids: pairs of legs, body regions, pairs of antennae, types of eyes, wings, special feature

A
  • 4 pairs
  • 2 segments (cephalothorax, abdomen)
  • no antennae
  • simple eyes
  • no wings
  • poisonous chelicerae (biting)
44
Q

What do verns and flowering plants have in common? List two

A
  • vascular system

- leaves, stems, roots

45
Q

What key feature is present in flowering plants and absent in ferns?

A

flowering plants have seeds, ferns do not

46
Q

Features of monocot: cotyledon, leaf shape, vascular system, petals

A
  • single cotyledon
  • parallel, long
  • scattered, parallel
  • flowers parts (x3)
47
Q

Features of dicot: cotyledon, leaf shape, vascular system, petals

A
  • two cotyledon
  • broad leaf
  • network of veins
  • flower parts (x4/x5)
48
Q

What are the main features of virus?

A
  • protein coat: protect genetic material
  • genetic material: reproduce in host cell
  • surface protein: recognise to host