U1 BIOCHEMISTRY: Macromolecules Flashcards
Macromolecules are also known as…
“Molecules of life”
What are the 4 macromolecules?
- Carbohydrates (CHO) “sugars”
- Lipids “Fats”
- Proteins “Polypeptide”
- Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA and ATP)
What can sugars are CHO also be called ?
“Saccharides”
CHO functions?
- Energy source
- Found on cell membrane
- Energy Storage
- Structural Molecules
What process do simple sugars undergo to become complex sugars?
De-H2O synthesis
What kind of saccharides are there in order from simplest to complex?
- Monosaccharides
- Di-saccharides
- Polysaccarides
What kind of sugar is commonly seen in monosaccharides?
- Glucose (GLU)
- Fructose(FRU)
- Galactose (GAL)
- Ribose
What kind of sugar is commonly seen in di-saccharides?
- Maltose (GLU+GLU)
- Sucrose (GLU+FRU)
- Lactose (GLU+GAL)
What kind of sugar is commonly seen in poly-saccharides?
Starch Storage and Cellulose Structure (PLANTS)
Glycogen storage and Chitin structure (ANIMALS)
What is Glucose an isomer of ?
Fructose.
What is the function of Lipids?
- Long term energy storage and use
- Hormones
- Cell membrane
Name the different kinds of lipids
- Neutral Fats
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
What is the difference in STRUCTURE between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated has NO double bonds
Unsaturated HAS double bonds
What is a phospholipid?
one fatty cell has been replaced by a phosphate group
What is important about phospholipids?
That it is part of the cell membrane
phospholipid bilayer
What do steroids consist of?
4 fused carbon rings
List three Nucleic Acids
- RNA
- DNa
- Atp
DNA stands for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA stands for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What are lipids (fats) made of?
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids which contain …Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are Nucleic Acids made of?
Nucleotides. which contain Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, Nitrogen and phosphorus
Differentiate between phospholipids head and tail
Head is hydrophobic And Tail is Hydrophilic `
What is the difference between the protein structure Quaternary and Tertiary
Teritary is the folding of alpha helix or beta pleated forces whereas quaternary is only in the MONSTER peptides.
Polypeptides are made up of what functional groups
Amine and Carboxyl
Which group of atoms is always apart of fatty acids?
Carboxyl
