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BIOLOGY > U1 BIOCHEMISTRY: Macromolecules > Flashcards

U1 BIOCHEMISTRY: Macromolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Macromolecules are also known as…

A

“Molecules of life”

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2
Q

What are the 4 macromolecules?

A
  1. Carbohydrates (CHO) “sugars”
  2. Lipids “Fats”
  3. Proteins “Polypeptide”
  4. Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA and ATP)
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3
Q

What can sugars are CHO also be called ?

A

“Saccharides”

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4
Q

CHO functions?

A
  • Energy source
  • Found on cell membrane
  • Energy Storage
  • Structural Molecules
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5
Q

What process do simple sugars undergo to become complex sugars?

A

De-H2O synthesis

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6
Q

What kind of saccharides are there in order from simplest to complex?

A
  1. Monosaccharides
  2. Di-saccharides
  3. Polysaccarides
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7
Q

What kind of sugar is commonly seen in monosaccharides?

A
  1. Glucose (GLU)
  2. Fructose(FRU)
  3. Galactose (GAL)
  4. Ribose
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8
Q

What kind of sugar is commonly seen in di-saccharides?

A
  1. Maltose (GLU+GLU)
  2. Sucrose (GLU+FRU)
  3. Lactose (GLU+GAL)
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9
Q

What kind of sugar is commonly seen in poly-saccharides?

A

Starch Storage and Cellulose Structure (PLANTS)

Glycogen storage and Chitin structure (ANIMALS)

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10
Q

What is Glucose an isomer of ?

A

Fructose.

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11
Q

What is the function of Lipids?

A
  • Long term energy storage and use
  • Hormones
  • Cell membrane
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12
Q

Name the different kinds of lipids

A
  1. Neutral Fats
  2. Phospholipids
  3. Steroids
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13
Q

What is the difference in STRUCTURE between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated has NO double bonds

Unsaturated HAS double bonds

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14
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

one fatty cell has been replaced by a phosphate group

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15
Q

What is important about phospholipids?

A

That it is part of the cell membrane

phospholipid bilayer

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16
Q

What do steroids consist of?

A

4 fused carbon rings

17
Q

List three Nucleic Acids

A
  1. RNA
  2. DNa
  3. Atp
18
Q

DNA stands for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

19
Q

RNA stands for?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

20
Q

What are lipids (fats) made of?

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids which contain …Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

21
Q

What are Nucleic Acids made of?

A

Nucleotides. which contain Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, Nitrogen and phosphorus

22
Q

Differentiate between phospholipids head and tail

A

Head is hydrophobic And Tail is Hydrophilic `

23
Q

What is the difference between the protein structure Quaternary and Tertiary

A

Teritary is the folding of alpha helix or beta pleated forces whereas quaternary is only in the MONSTER peptides.

24
Q

Polypeptides are made up of what functional groups

A

Amine and Carboxyl

25
Q

Which group of atoms is always apart of fatty acids?

A

Carboxyl

BIOLOGY (8 decks)

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