u1: biochemical reactions Flashcards
1
Q
general eqn for acid-base rxn
A
Acid + Base 🡪 Salt + Water (Neutralization)
2
Q
many reactions in the body occur in pH range of…
A
7.35 to 7.45 (normal pH of blood)
3
Q
acidosis
A
when blood pH falls between 7.1 – 7.3 (can result in vomiting, brain damage, kidney disease)
4
Q
alkalosis
A
when blood pH increases to 7.5 (can result in dizziness, fatigue)
5
Q
how do organisms maintain pH range?
A
buffers
6
Q
what are buffers
A
- substances that resist changes in pH
- release H+ ions when a fluid is too basic
- take in H+ ions when a fluid is too acidic
7
Q
Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffer System
A
- CO2 dissolved in blood and converted to carbon acid in red blood cells via carbonic annhydrase
- most of the carbonic acid dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
- carbonic acid (weak acid) is balanced by HCO3 (bicarbonate) and blood remains neutral
8
Q
wht if blood becomes too acidic?
A
- excess H+ reacts with HCO3 ions to make carbonic acid
- carbonic acid dissociates into CO2 and water
9
Q
wht if blood becomes too basic?
A
- excess CO2 reacts with H2O to make carbonic acid
- carbonic acid dissociates into H+ and HCO3
10
Q
what way does rxn shift if blood too acidic?
A
left
11
Q
wht if blood becomes too basic?
A
left
12
Q
reaction for blood buffer
A
CO2+H2O = H2CO3 = H + HCO3
13
Q
oxidation-reduction rxns
A
- redox rxns
- involves transfer of electrons
- loss of electrons = oxidized
- gain of electrons = reduced
