U world only Flashcards
Malaria Prophylaxis
atovaquone proguanil
doxycycline
mefloquine
malaria prophylaxis in pregnacy
mefloquine
Methanol - symptoms besides metabolic acidosis
vision loss
optic disc hyperemia
CML translocation
9,22
bcr-ab1
CML decreased…. (what) activate
lap
meds causing hearing loss
furosemide, aspirin, aminoglycoside
ARDS - mechanism
decreased lung compliance
molluscum contagiousum
flesh colored dome shaped papules
pox virus
chronic corticosteroid use + bone pain mechanism
osteonecrosis/avascular necrosis of bone
HIV esophagitis without thrush
CMV
elastic pressure inversely prop to
compliance
echinococus granulosus
liver cysts
sheep, dogs
Ca oxalate crystals
ethylene glycol ingestions
treat with fomepizole
fomepizole
treatment for ethylene glycol intox
hard submandiubular or cervical lymph nodes ddx
head/neck cancer
vaccination for asplenic pts - timing
2 weeks before or 2 weeks after
asplenic pts vaccines
PCV 13,23 (repeat 23 5 years later and when 65)
h flu
meningococcal every 5
RAAS activity
increasing angiotensin II levels
vasoconstriction of efferent > afferent glomerulr arterioles causing decrease RBF
increased NA reabsorption in collection tubule so decreased delivery to distal tubule
plasma free metanephrines
pheochromocytome
nitrate reduce
preload, LVEDV
adrenal insuff - infectious causes
HIV, TB
primary adrenal insuff
low cortisol, increased acth
secondary adrenal insuff
low cortisol, low acth
GGT in alcoholic hepatitis
increased
choricoarcinoma can spread to
lungs
ventilation =
TV x RR
myopathy with increased CK, normal ESR ddx
hypothyroidism
pounding heart sensation when laying on L sie
AR
LV brought closer to chest wall
hashimoto - increased risk of
thyroid lymphoma
ehrlichiosis
tick borne acute febrile illness with AMS
ehrlichiosis treatment
doxy
spinal stenosis worse with
extension
macular degeneration
issues with fine visual accuity
straight lines appear wavy on grid test
drusen deposits in macule
IE in someone with recent UTI
enteroccoccus
hemolysis and haptoglobin
free hgb binds haptoglobin
excess free hgb due to hemolysis it will bind haptoglobin and decrease it
complication of nephrotic syndrome
renal vein thrombosis
renal vein thrombosis symptoms
flank, abd pain, hematuria
renal vein thrombosis mechanism
loss of antithrombin III in urine
osteomyelitis from nail puncture - organism
pseudomonas
osteomalacia labs
decrease ca, ph (vit d low)
increased PTH, alk phos
drug induced esophagitis causes
tetracycline, aspirin/nsaids, KCL, alderonate
dequerviran tenosynitis
common in new mothers
pain on lateral side of wrist
chest tube placement in parapneumonic effusion
low ph, less than 7.2
glucose less than 60
ischemic colitis - most common location
splenic flexure
watershed area
ischemic colitis - labs
leukocytosis
nitrites in urine caused y
enterobacteriacea
macrocytic anemia in sickle cell dz
folic acid def
lung adenocarcinoma
non smokers
peripheral
solitary nodule
dark brown discoloration of colon with lymph follicles showing through
laxative abuse
flail chest
crush injury, more than 3 rib fractures
unstable chest wall segment, paradoixcal motion with breathing
earliest renal sign associated with DM
glomerular hyperfiltration
acyclovir AE
crystal stone renal failure
polyp most likely to be malignant
villous adenoma
bacillary angiomatosis
angioma like growths on both skin and viscera
prone to hemorrhage
angiodysplasia symptoms
anemia
painless rectal/gi bleeding
AS murmur: systolic at RSB
Graves disease - what treatment can initially worsen eye symptoms
radioactive iodine
destroyed thyroid cells release excess thyroid hormone which exacerbates eye symptoms
UC colonosocpy screening
1-2yr
multinucleated cells on tzanck smear
herpes
nonpurulent vesicles on fingers
herpetic whitlow
Paget’s Disease of breast
- eczematous lesions on breast
- path: large cells with halo
- usually adenocarcinoma
mechanism of expthalamos
stimulation of orbital fibroblasts by anti-TSH receptor autoantibotides
orbital tissue expansion
scabies treatment
permethrin cream
osler weber rendu
teleangiectasis
epistaxis
AVMs
patellofemoral syndrome
young women
pain with squatting
patellofemoral compression test
patellar tendonitis
athletes, episodic
pain and tenderness at inferior patella
osgood schlatter disease
adolescent/growth spurt
episodic
tender and tibial tubercle
low thyroglubin =
exogenous thyroid homrone
prinzmetal angia risk factor
smoking
prinzmetal angina treatmetn
ccb or nitrate
what drug prevents ventricular remodeling
acei
chalazion
nodular rubbery lesion
if it keeps returning, change of sebacious carcinoma
do histopath exam to rule out malignancy
dacrocystitis
infection of lacrimal gland
s aureus or streptococc al
solitary brain metastasis – treatment
resection
chronic scar that turns into non healing ulcer, think
SCC
periarticular ostepenia
RA
central retinal artery occlusion symptoms
painless loss of vision 2/2 embolus
central retinal artery occlusion treatment
occular massage and high flow o2
neuro symptoms in copd resp failure due to
co2 retention
exertional heat stroke
hot weather
temp greater than 104
collapse
ams/ards/dic
exertional heat stroke risk increased with
anticholinergics, antihistamines
water bottle shaped heart with clear lungs
pericardial effusion
non palpable maximal impuse
pericardial effusion
polycytehmia vera low levels of
epo
drug that increases chance of hypothermia
haloperidal, fluphenazol
beta cell tumor labs
increased c peptide levels
proinsulin greater than 5
hidradenitis supprativa
also called acne inversa
axillary/inguinal regions
painful tender mass
caustic poisoning
salviation, mouth burns, severe pain
refractory hypokalemia possible treatment/cause
hypomagnesium
symptoms of MI + pulm edema
give furosemide
urine ph >7
proteus
exudative pleural effusion causes
infection: TB, PNA
malignancy
CTD
PE
gum hypertrophy
cyclosporine
hodgkin’s lymphoma treated with chemo and radiation 20 years ago
chance of solid tumor malignancy
hyposthenuria
nocturia/impairement of kidneys ability to concentrate urine
associated with SSD/SST
ankylosing spondylosis + SOA
restrictive lung dz due to decreased chest wall mobility
screening test for viriliaizng neoplasma
tesosterone and DHEAS
DHEAS made by
adrenals only
ovarian neoplasm - labs
increased tesosterone
normal dheas
adrenal neoplasm (virilism) - labs
normal testosterone
elevated DHEAS
foodborne illnes with vomiting
s aureus, bacillus cereus, norovisu
necrotizing pneumonia with pneumatocele think
s aureus
hep b screening based on
unprotected sex/needle use
hep c screening based on
blood transfusions before 1992
acute angle glaucoma symptoms
ha/nausea/eye pain
mid-dilated pupil
acute angle glaucoma can be triggered by
decongestants
diagnosis of acute angle glaucoma
tonometry to measure IOP
goinoscopy gold standard
electrical alterans
varifying amplitudes of QRS
trastuzumab toxicity
cardiotoxicity
liver mets
GI, lung, breast
retrophyargneal space is danger space because
drains into mediastinum
inconclusive fast exam
unstable, diagnostic peritoneal lavage
stable, CT
constrictive pericarditis etiology
viruses
cardiac surgery
chest radiation
tb
stroke management in sickle cell pt
exchange transfusion
syphilis treatment
penicillin g
doxy if allergeric
indicator of severe asthma attck
normal pco2
hypervenitiatlion would cause decreased pco2
so normal pco2 indicates airway obstruction or resp muscle fatigue
toxic adenoma scan
diffuse uptake only in nodule/adenoma
ckd anemia
due to epo def, normocytic
when you supplement epo, surge of rbc production can cause iron def
emphysematus cholecysitis
secondary infection of gallbladder with gas forming bacteria
occurs in diabetic males
trichinellosis - risk factors
undercooked meat, mexico
trichinellosis symptoms
intestinal stage followed my muscle stage
muscle stage of trichinellosis
splinter hemorrhages
myositis
perioorbital edema
eosinophilia
corneal vesicles and dendritic ulcers
herpes simplex keratitis
cherry vs strawberry angioma
adults - cherry
strawberry - children
HA, nausea, dizziness
carbon monoxide poisoning
colloid =
albumin
terminal hematuria, think
prostate or bladder cause
whipple’s dz
diarrhea
joint pain
lad
behcets
oral ulcers +
genital ulcers, eye lesions/uveitis, nodules/erythem nodosum
avascular necrosis diagnosed with
MRI
temporal arteritis associated with
aortic aneurysm
serial CXRs
charcot joint
deformed
associated with nerve damage/neuropathy
hydroxychloroquine ae
retinopathy
eye exams q6mo
SLE pt presenting with renal damage, next step
kidney biopsy
reactive arthritis treatment
NSAIDS
carcinoid syndrome associated with what deficiency
niacin
leukoplakia
smokeless tobacco
can progress to squamous cell carcinoma
AFib: most common location of ectopic foci
pulmonary veins
Presbycusis
sensorineural hearing loss
trouble hearing in crowded places
infective endocarditis and conduction abnormality, think
perivalvular abscess
hemochromatosis - cardiac consequences
restrictive or dilated cardiomyopathy
conduction abnormalities
NSAID induced bronchospasm, what other finding
nasal polpys
Complications of Pancreatitis
ileus, pleural effusion
SIBO
small intestine bacterial overgrwoth
diarrhea/bloating
SIBO can be associated with
scleroderma, surgeries
appendicitis pain
visceral - periumbicial
somatic - right lower abdomen
zenker’s diverticulum test
contrast esophagram
tropical sprue
chronic diarrhea
can be associated with nutrient deficiences
tropical sprue biopsy
blunting of villi
antimitochondrial Ab
PBC
anti smooth muscle AB
autoimmune hepatitis
PBC treatment
UDA
HIV linear vs round ulcers
linear - CMV
round - HSV
Gram positive aerobic branching bacteria
Acintomyces
Pencillin
Acid fast, aerobic branching bacteria
Nocardia
TMP-SMX
PCPtreatment
TMP-SMX
+ steroids if severe
necroitizing surgical site
cloudy gray d/c
paresthesia/anathesia around wound edge
hypotension/fever/tachy
Postop cholestasis occurs after
prolonged surgery with hypotension
massive blood less
excessive blood replacement
necrotizing fascitis
pain out of proprortional to physical exam
history of trauma
hypopigmented plaque + muscle atrophy
leprosy
post-BMT pneumonitis + colitis
CMV
caustic ingestion is ingestion of
NaOH (lye)
caustic ingestion management
endoscopy
beta blocker overdose antidote
glucagon
ACL injury
popping sensation
hemarthrosis
CI for succinylcholine use
hyperkalemia
release of K can cause arrythmias
cyanide toxicity antidoe
sodium thiosulfate
hydroxocobalmin
colon cancer screening if first degree relative
age 40 or 10 years before their onset
PPSV23 vs PCV 13 immunology
23- t cell indep B cell rxn
13 - t cell dep B cell rxn (dep because its for kids)
low urine CL metabolic aklalosis
vomiting
diuretic use
high urine cl metabolic alkalosis
excess MC
RTA
acute hemolytic rxn within
1 hr
acute hemolytic rxn mechanism
ABO incompatibility
delayed hemolytic rxn within
2-10 d
delayed hemolytic rxn mechansims
anamestic antibody response
Warm AIHA
anti-IgG
Cold AIHA
anti-IGM
mycoplasma
Lynch syndrome
HNPCC
colon + endometrial cancer
hypercalcimea due to malignancy treatment
bisphosphonates
spinal cord compression management
MRI
IV glucocorticoids
consult
Solitary Brain Mets
Breast, Colon, RCC
Multiple Brain Mets
Lung, Malignant Metastasis
Febrile Nonhemolytic transfusion rxn
within 1-6 hrs
leukoreduced cells for
febrile nonhemolytic
irridated rbcs for
bmt pts
washed RBCs for
Iga def
allergic rbc rxn
AIHA
tumor lysis syndrome
increased K, Phos, UA
decreased CA due to phos binding
paroxysmal noctural hemoglobinuria symptoms
hemolysis + thrombosis
contraindications to radioactiv eiodine
pregnancy
severe ophthalmopathy
risk of untreated hyperthyroidism
bone loss
cardiac arrhthmias
sildenafil + alpha blocker
give 4 hrs apart
leydig cell tumor
most common
makes testosterone, sometimes estrogen
choriocarcinoma hormones
increase BHCG
seminomas hormones
usually none
sometimes B-hcg
secondary hyperaldosteronism
RAS
Cushings
renin secreting tumors
most common cause of death in acromegaly
CVD
diabetics age 40-75
always on statin!
PTHrp
decrease PTH
decrease 1,25 vit d
if you give B Blocker during Pheo crisis
unopposed stimulation of vascular alpha receptors
increased BP
SFU side effects
wt gain, hypoglycemia
TZD side effects
wt gain, edema, chf
DPP-IV inhibitor
sitagliptin
wt neutral
GLP-1 receptor agonist
exenatide
wt loss
dermatofibroma
nontender, hyperpigmented, less than 1 cm
dimpling in center
senile purpura due to
perivascular CT atrophy
PBC cutaneous manifestations
xanthesmas and xanthelasmas
lesion on lip, high ddx for
SCC
doxycycline AE
photosensitivity
frost bite treatment
rapid rewarming with warm h20
melanoma type of biopsy
excisional
ichthyosis vulgaris
dry and rough skin
curtain came down over eyes
retinal detachment
hordeloum or style
staphylococcal
treat with warm compresses
vitreous hemorrhage
sudden loss of vision and floaters
common in diabetics
hard to visualize fundus
sympatheti cphtthalmia
spared eye injury
due to hidden antigens
cataract symptoms
blurred vision and glare
acute glaucoma, avoid
atropine
BPH diagnosis
ultrasound
death in dialysis pts
CVD
urethritis with no organisms on gram stain
chlyamdiae
struvite stones
proteus
most common cause of kidney stones
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate kidney stones
primer hyper PTH
RTA
cystinuria
impaired aa transport
hexagonal crystals
urinary cyanide nitroprusside test
EPO side effects
worsenign HTN, HA, flu like syndrome, red cell aplasia
WBC casts
TIN
analgestic nephropathy
TIN or papillary necrosis
minimal change disease associated with
NSAIDS
lymphoma (hodgkins)
acute kidney transplant rejection, treat with
IV steroids
recurrent pneumonia in one location
think anatomic obstruction
order CT
sleep apnea acid base
decreased chloride due to bicarb retention
bronchoalveolar lavage best diagnoses
malignancy
oppurtunistic infections
theophylline AE
arrythmias
cns - ha/seizures/insmonia
N/V
decreased DLCO
emphysema
restrictive/fibrotic lung diseases
normal DLCO
chronic bronchitis
increased DLCO
asthma
