U 2 P 3 Flashcards
ALL is caused by what?
Lymphoid precursor mutation (b and T cells)
ALL prognosis is adults is?
Poor
ALL is predominantly a disease of?
Children
FAB classifies ALL by?
Appearance of blasts
ALL is divided into 3 subtypes called?
L1- children usually (b cells)
L2- older children and adults (t cells)
L3-adults, also called Burkett t(8:14) commonly seen
Philadelphia chromosome is commonly seen in what kind of leukemia? And where does it take place?
In ALL t(9,22)
What are some ALL laboratory data?
Leukocyte count variable
N/N anemia
Severe thrombocytopenia
Peripheral smear
Predominance of lymphoblasts
Smudge cellsALL chemotherapy is very effective but can result in what?
Lymphoblasts becoming resistant
ALL prognosis is?
95% kids achieve remission 80% are cured
Adults 60-85% cured
Acute myeloid leukemia results from?
An increased number of immature cells in the bone marrow or in arrested maturation
AML general lab findings?
WBC variable 5,000-30,000
Anemia retics low
Platelets low
Peripheral smear
Blasts
NRBC
Possible giant playlets,hypogranularion, hypersegmented neutrophils
Bone marrow
20-90% blastsM0 is what FAB leukemia?
Acute myeloblastic leukemiawith minimal differentiation
M1 is what FAB leukemia?
Acute myleoblastic leukemia without maturation
M2 is what FAB leukemia?
Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation
M3 is what FAB leukemia?
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
M4 is what FAB leukemia?
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
M5 is what FAB leukemia?
Acute monoblastic leukemia
M6 is what FAB leukemia?
Acute erythrolekemia
M7 is what FAB leukemia?
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
What are some characteristics of M0 leukemia?
Immunophenotyping is a must
Leukocytes increased
Thrombocytopenia
Peripheral smear
A LOT of blasts
N/N
CD 13, 33, 34, 38, 117What are some characteristics of M1 leukemia?
Most common in children and adults Rapid or gradual onset Ulcerated mucous membranes, occasional tumor mass, bone tenderness WBC greater than 100,000 Thrombocytopenia Norma/normo Look for auer rods Acquired pelger-huet anomaly
What cytochemical stains stain for m1?
Myeloperoxidase, sudan black b, positive
What cd markers for m1?
CD13, 33, 34, 117
Prognosis is poor
What are some characteristics of M2 leukemia?
t(8,21) Total leukocyte count increased N/N, thrombocytopenia Predominant myeloblasts Auer rods MPO/SBB positive CD13, 33, 65, 15, 11b
What are some characteristics of M3 leukemia?
95% caused by t(15;17) (q22;12)Causes malignancy in promyelocytes (stuck) DIC-disseminated intravascular coagulation Leukopenia/leukocytosis Peripheral smear Predominantly promyelocytes Auer rods MPO/SBB/ specific esterase - positive CD33, CD13 Treated with high doses of retinoic
What are some characteristics of M4 leukemia?
Mixture of malignant monocytic myelocytic cells in the bone marrow
Pharyngitis and gingival hyperplasia
Varies from leukopenia to leukocytosis
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, DIC
Erythrophagocytosis
Auer rods, promyelocytes, pelger huet anomaly
MPO, specific esterase, nonspecific esterase
CD, 4, 13, 14, 15, 11b, 34, 36, 64
What are some characteristics of M5 leukemia?
Hallmark feature extramedullary masses M5a monoblastic M5b monocytic t(p11.2;p13.3) Ulcerations in mouth/rectum Skin lesions Increased CNS involvement 80% of cells have monocytic origin NO auer rods nonspecific esterase positive CD 11b, 11c, 13, 14, 15, 33, 36, 64, 65, 68 Poor prognosis
What are some characteristics of M6 leukemia?
Proliferation of erythroid and myeloid Acute erythroleukemia (erythroid and myeloid) Pure erythroid WBC 50-200 Thrombocytopenia SEVERE megoloblastic anemia Myeloid/erythroid blasts Erythroblasts MPO/SBB negative PAS + Myeloblasts MPO/SBB positive CD 13, 33, 71, 117 Poor prognosis
What are some characteristics of M7 leukemia?
30% of cells are blast with budding Children with organ Meg Aly and bone lesions 50% megakaryocyte origin Stains are pretty worthless CD 36, 41, 61 Poor prognosis
