Leukemia Flashcards
What are some early terms associated with leukemia?
White, clone
Leukemia is a clonal proliferation of what kind of cells?
Lymphoid or meyloid
Clone is the cell population produced from what?
Single progenitor cell
True or false Leukemic styles are capable of proliferation and self renewal
True
Unregulated proliferating cells spell from where to what?
Bone marrow to peripheral blood
What areas can be affected by leukemia?
Spleen, lymph nodes, liver, etc.
As tissues and organs are infiltrated by these clones cells it causes tissue/organ what
Failure
How does the FAB classify leukemia?
Cell morphology, Seidel chemical results, clinical cafeteria, less than 30% of glass in the bone marrow
How does the WHO classify leukemia?
Morphology, Seidel chemistry, immunophenotype cd markers, genetics, clinical features, 20% of blasts in the bone marrow
What day with myelogenous leukemia’s have?
Granulocytic, erythrocytic megakaryocytic
What do the mono Citic leukemia’s having them?
Monocytes
What does lymphoid leukemia is having them?
T cells, B cells
What is acute leukemia?
Short duration with lots of amateurs in bone marrow and peripheral blood with increased white blood cells if untreated
Chronic leukemia is what?
Long duration with lots of matures in blood marrow in peripheral blood and low to Super increased white blood cells if untreated
Which is more common chronic or acute leukemia?
Acute
What is some evidence of acute leukemia?
Normal cidlik, normal chromic severe anemia, thrombocytopenia enlarged lymph nodes and spleen low white blood cell count and immunosuppression
If untreated what is the prognosis of acute leukemia?
Several weeks to several months but ultimately fatal
What does radiation therapy do?
Damages DNA resulting in cell death
Drugs for leukemia work on what level?
Molecular
Gleevec is what kind of drug
Tyronise kinase inhibitor
Rituxab is what kind of drug
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Chronic leukemia usually occurs when?
Older patients
White blood cell count is usually high with what kind of leukemia?
Chronic
Prognosis of chronic leukemia is what?
Months to years
What are some factors related to the occurrence of leukemia?
Genetic and immuno logical factors, Occupational/environmental exposure, chemical and drug exposure, genetic abnormalities, viral agents
What is a common sign of undiagnosed leukemia?
Leukocytosis or increased white blood cells
How do we diagnose leukemia?
Morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, molecular studies
Flow cytomery is used to identify what?
Surface markers
Cd 34s, TDT or surface markers for what?
Immatures
CD33, 13, 14, 15 are surface markers for what?
Granulocytes/monocyte
CD71 is a surface marker for?
Erythroid
CD41, 42, 61 is a surface marker for?
Megakaryocytic
Cd19, 20, 22 is a surface marker for?
B cells
Cd2, Cd3 Cd4 and cd5 is a surface marker for?
T cells
Cytogenetics is the study of what?
Chromosome structure and number and inheritance as they relate to a pathological state
What is the role of chromosomes?
To transmit genetic material
What is the normal karyotype?
22 pairs of autosomes one pair of sex chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes
What are possible changes in chromosome?
Translocations and deletions inversions and additions
P and q stand for what parts of a chromosome?
P stands for short arm, Q stands for a long arm
