typical thoracic vertebrae T2-T8

Question 1

what features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

Answer 1

vertebral body, transverse process, articular process and spinous process

Question 2

what is the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from superior view?

Answer 2

triangular

Question 3

on cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 group?

Answer 3

left side of the vertebral body will be flattened, the right side convex

Question 4

what is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?

Answer 4

aortic impression

Question 5

what part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?

Answer 5

left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

Question 6

what is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?

Answer 6

posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeters

Question 7

what is the height pattern of intervertebral discs in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 7

intervertebral discs are rather planar or flat with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior heights

Question 8

what is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine?

Answer 8

vertebral body height differences

Question 9

what is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?

Answer 9

kyphotic curve

Question 10

what joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 10

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 11

how many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

how many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

how many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 13

typically 4 are identified (as many as 8 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

Question 14

how many joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 14

typically 10 (14 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

Question 15

what is the name given to the joint formed between the vertebral body and rib?

Answer 15

costocentral joint

Question 16

how many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?

Answer 17

superior costal demi-facet

Question 18

what feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen in the typical thoracics?

Answer 18

costocentral joint or ribs

Question 19

what ligaments support the costocentral joint?

Answer 19

costocentral stellate/radiate ligament and costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament

Question 20

what ligaments support the costocentral joint?

Answer 20

costocentral stellate/radiate ligament and costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament

Question 21

what does the costocentral intra-articular or interarticular ligament connect to?

Answer 21

interarticular or intra-articular crest of the head of the rib and the intervertebral disc

Question 22

what is the size relationship between the articulating surface of the head of the rib and the costal demi-facet surface?

Answer 22

rib surface is greater than the costal demi-facet surface

Question 23

which muscle is attached to the vertebral body of T2 and T3?

Answer 23

longus colli

Question 24

what is the position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body?

Answer 24

pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally

Question 25

what is the angulation of the pedicle in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 25

10-15 degrees posterolateral from the sagittal plane

Question 26

which x-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic?

Answer 26

lateral view

Question 27

what is overlap of the lamina called in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 27

shingling

Question 28

what is the outline of the vertebral foramen in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 28

oval to circular

Question 29

in which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest?

Answer 29

transverse plane, the vertebral transverse diameter

Question 30

what are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint?

Answer 30

transverse costal facet and articular surface of the tubercle of a rib

Question 31

what ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?

Answer 31

superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, and lateral costotransverse ligaments

Question 32

which muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?

Answer 32

longissimus thoracic, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis thoracis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidus, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus and levator costarum brevis

Question 33

how can you distinguish between a T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process?

Answer 33

at T2-T4 the width between the superior articular processes is greater than the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra. at T5-T8 the width between the superior articular processes is equal to or the same as the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra

Question 34

what is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

Answer 34

they face backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

Question 35

what is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

Answer 35

they face forward, downward, and medial (ForMeD)

Question 36

how many synovial joints are present at a typical thoracic?

Answer 36

10

Question 37

how many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present on a typical thoracic?

Answer 37

6

Question 38

identify the synovial joint surfaces for ribs that are present on a typical thoracic

Answer 38

2 superior costal demi-facets, 2 inferior costal demi-facets, 2 transverse costal facets

Question 39

what is the name given to the overlap of spinous processes in the thoracic region?

Answer 39

imbrication

Question 40

imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of the thoracics?

Answer 40

T5-T8

Question 41

which thoracic has the longest spinous process?

Answer 41

T8

Question 42

what is the angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region?

Answer 42

the undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle up to 40 degrees from the horizontal plane. the undersurface of T5-T8 spinous processes will angle up to 60 degrees from the horizontal plane

Question 43

which muscles may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic?

Answer 43

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, serratus posterior superior, splenius cervicis, splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis,

Question 44

which muscles may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic?

Answer 44

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, serratus posterior superior, splenius cervicis, splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis