sacrum

Question 1

what part of the sacral ala is derived from the costal element?

Answer 1

anterior two-thirds

Question 2

what part of the sacral ala is derived from the true transverse process?

Answer 2

posterior third

Question 3

how many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are present on the S1 vertebral body?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

how many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of the first sacral segment?

Answer 4

5

Question 5

how many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint surfaces are present on the S1 vertebral body?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

how many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are present on the S1 vertebral body?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

what muscle may attach to the first sacral vertebral body?

Answer 7

psoas major

Question 8

what is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in adults?

Answer 8

zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1

Question 9

what is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet?

Answer 9

backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

Question 10

what is the name given to the projection on the first sacral superior articular process?

Answer 10

mammillary process

Question 11

what muscles will attach to the sacral mammillary processes?

Answer 11

multifidus

Question 12

what is the usual condition for the first sacral spinous process?

Answer 12

it is non-bifid and short

Question 13

an imaginary line drawn along the dorsal midline of sacrum is identified as the ___

Answer 13

median sacral crest

Question 14

what is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated, the sacrum exhibits spina bifida, and dorsiflexion produces pain?

Answer 14

Knife Clasp Syndrome

Question 15

an imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will form what feature?

Answer 15

intermediate sacral crest

Question 16

what features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

Answer 16

mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5

Question 17

what does the sacral cornu represent?

Answer 17

inferior articular process and facet of S5

Question 18

what is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal?

Answer 18

sacral hiatus

Question 19

an imaginary line drawn from the transverse process of S1 to the inferior lateral sacral angle will form what feature?

Answer 19

lateral sacral crest

Question 20

what is the sacral tuberosity?

Answer 20

enlarged transverse tubercle of S2

Question 21

what is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?

Answer 21

accessory sacro-iliac joint

Question 22

what feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?

Answer 22

auricular surface

Question 23

what feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form?

Answer 23

sacral promontory

Question 24

the continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament below S3 forms what ligament?

Answer 24

deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 25

what forms the posterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

Answer 25

sacral cornu, coccygeal cornu, superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament and intercornual ligament

Question 26

what forms the anterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

Answer 26

vertebral body S5, vertebral body Co1, deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament and intervertebral disc

Question 27

what forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?

Answer 27

union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

Question 28

what ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

Answer 28

sacrospinous ligament

Question 29

which ligament has a broad attachment along the lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx and then attaches to the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 29

sacrotuberous ligament

Question 30

which ligament is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments and is penetrated by dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves?

Answer 30

interosseous sacro-iliac ligament

Question 31

what is the homolog for the capsular ligament of S5?

Answer 31

intercornual ligament