TYPICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Flashcards
Objective
▪ Based from clinician’s observation
SIGNS
Subjective
▪ Subjective experiences of the patient
SYMPTOMS
REMEMBER
However, psychopathological signs and symptoms are not clearly differentiated, they often overlap
A ________ that make up a recognizable condition, is often used to show the overlap of the two.
syndrome, or a constellation of signs and symptoms
state of awareness
Consciousness -
perception modified by one’s own thoughts and emotions
Apperception
(sometimes used as another term for consciousness) refers to the state of functioning of the special senses
▪ Sensorium
– disturbed orientation regarding time, place, or person.
Disorientation
– patient exhibits confusion, restlessness, bewilderment, and a disoriented reaction that is usually associated with hallucinations and fear.
Delirium
– a state of perceptual and cognitive confusion.
Clouding of consciousness
a general condition wherein the patient exhibits extreme unresponsiveness and loss of orientation to the environment.
Stupor
a disturbance in consciousness, with hallucinations.
Twilight state
– another term for psychomotor epilepsy or complex partial seizure.
Dreamlike state
abnormal drowsiness, usually displayed in organic processes.
Somnolence
– patient appears to be sleeping but is aroused easily.
Coma vigil (akinetic mutism}
profound level of consciousness, abnormal state of deep stupor that is accompanied by a total loss of consciousness, loss of voluntary behavior and some reflexes.
Coma
– selective aspects of perception; quantity of effort given to focusing on parts of an experience; ability to concentrate
paranoia.
Attention
– the inability to concentrate or focus attention because patient is easily drawn to irrelevant external stimuli.
Distractibility
– blocking out of anxiety-causing stimuli.
Selective attention
– excessive focus and attention is given to all internal and external stimuli due to
Hyper vigilance
- uncritical and compliant response to influence or an idea.
Suggestibility
– emotional/mental illness shared between two (or three) persons; also called shared psychosis between two (or three) persons.
Folie a deux (or folie a trois)
– artificially induced consciousness characterized by heightened suggestibility.
Hypnosis
– a complex feeling or state related to mood and affect with psychic, somatic, and behavioral components.
Emotion
– the expression or outward manifestation of emotion observable to others.
Affect
– a normal condition wherein emotional tone is in harmony or is consistent with the accompanying thought, idea, or speech. It is also described as broad or full affect wherein a full range of emotions is appropriately expressed.
Appropriate affect
– inconsistency between the emotional tone and the idea, thought, or speech accompanying it.
Inappropriate affect
– characterized by a severe reduction in the intensity of the externalized feeling tone.
Blunted affect
– reduction in the intensity of feeling tone. It is less severe than blunted affect.
Restricted or constricted affect
– the absence or near absence of any signs of affective expression. It can be characterized by an immobile face and a monotonous voice.
Flat affect
– rapid and abrupt changes in the emotional feeling tone which is unrelated to an external stimuli.
Labile affect
– the sustained and pervasive emotion subjectively experienced and reported by the patient, and is observable to others.
Mood
unpleasant mood
Dysphoric Mood –
– normal range of mood
Euthymic Mood
– the expression of one’s feelings without any restraint. It is frequently and overestimation of one’s significance or importance.
Expansive Mood
– the person is easily provoked to anger and is easily annoyed.
Irritable Mood
– moving between euphoria and depression or anxiety.
Mood Swings (labile mood)
– characterized by an air of enjoyment and confidence. A mood which is more cheerful than normal but is not considered pathological.
Elevated Mood
– intense elation with feelings of grandeur.
Euphoria
– feeling of intense rapture or delight.
Ecstasy
– the psychopathological feeling of sadness.
Depression
– loss of interest and withdrawal from all regular and pleasurable activities. Often associated with depression.
Anhedonia
– sadness that is appropriate to a real loss.
Grief or Mourning
– the inability or difficulty in describing one’s moods or emotions.
Alexithymia
– a feeling of apprehension that is caused by anticipation of internal or external danger/threat.
Anxiety
– unfocused and pervasive fear that is not attached to any idea.
Free-floating anxiety
– anxiety caused by a consciously recognized and realistic danger.
person, at the same time.
Fear
– motor restlessness associated with severe anxiety.
Agitation
– unpleasant increased motor and psychological activity.
Tension
– acute, episodic, intense anxiety attack associated with overwhelming feelings of dread.
Panic
– dulled emotional tone associated with indifference or detachment
Apathy
– presence of two opposing impulses toward the same thing, in the same
Ambivalence
– loss of or decrease in appetite.
Anorexia
– increase in appetite and food intake.
Hyperphagia
– difficulty or lack the lack of ability to fall asleep.
Insomnia
a. Initial – difficulty in falling asleep. (early onset)
b. Middle – difficulty in sleeping through the night without waking up; difficulty in going back to sleep if awaken in the middle of the night. (middle onset)
c. Terminal – early morning awakening. (late onset)
– excessive sleeping.
Hypersomnia
– mood is regularly worst in morning, immediately after awakening, and improves as the day progresses.
Diurnal variation
decreased sexual interest, drive, and performance.
*Increased libido is usually associated with manic states.
Diminished libido
– inability or difficulty in defecating.
Constipation
