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Medicine > Typical pneumonia > Flashcards

Typical pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

Define pneumonia

A

Infection of lung parenchyma

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2
Q

Anatomical classification of pneumonia

A

Lobar

Bronchopneumonia

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3
Q

Aetiology of pneumonia (x4)

A

Community acquired
Hospital acquired
Immunosuppression
Aspiration

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4
Q

Strep pneumonia

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Common

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5
Q

Strep pyogenes

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

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6
Q

H influenzae

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Common

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7
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Common

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8
Q

Staph aureus

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Middle!

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9
Q

Main cause of anaerobic bacterial pneumonia

A

Aspiration

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10
Q

Gram negative rod pneumonia

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

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11
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon (except COPD and CCF)

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12
Q

Yersinia

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon (plague)

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13
Q

Bacillus anthracis

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

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14
Q

Brucella

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

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15
Q

Pneumonia due to Strep pneumomoniae

A

Saprophyte of respiratory tract activated in old/young/sick
Fever, rigors, pleuritic pain, cough, haemoptysis
Crackles and lobar consolidation
Complications: empyema, meningitis, septicaemia, ruptured bullae
Look at urine antigen!

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16
Q

Pneumonia due to Strep pyogenes

A

Uncommon
Usually in young following viral infection
(Measles, mumps, influenza)
Complications: effusion, empyema, pneumothorax, pericarditis, fistula

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17
Q

Pneumonia due to H. influenzae

A

Usually follows URTI

Less invasive than Strep pneumoniae

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18
Q

Features of typical pneumonia

A

Cough, haemoptysis, tachycardia, tachypnoea, fever, rigors, pain
Early crackles
Later consolidation and bronchial breathing

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19
Q

Investigation results of typical pneumonia

A

Obs: fever, tachycardia, tachypnoea, low O2%
Bloods: Neutrophilia, high WCC, CRP and ESR
Sputum culture: +ve
CXR: lobar involvement, air bronchograms, central/segmental consolidation, nodules with fluid level,

20
Q

Normal location of anaerobic infection

A

Lower lobes, typically RHS

Main cause: aspiration

21
Q

Gram negative rods

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

22
Q

Klebsiella

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

23
Q

E. coli

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

24
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

25
Q

Acinetobacter

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

26
Q

Pseudomonas pseudomallei

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

27
Q

Nocardia asteroides/brasiliensis

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

28
Q

Acinetomyces israeli

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon

29
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Uncommon (except COPD and CCF)

30
Q

Pneumonia infection with Klebsiella

A

Elderly men with comorbidities
Typically affects upper lobes
Thick, bloody sputum
CXR: Consolidation of upper lobes, bulging fissures, cavitation

31
Q

Pneumonia infection by E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter

A

Affects chronically ill patients
Rarely is there haemoptysis
Affects lower lobes
Frequently with abscess and empyema

32
Q

Pneumonia infection with Nocardia asteroides/brasilensis

A

Aerobic gram negative soil bacteria
Spontaneous infection in the immunosuppressed
Fever, lethargy, wt loss, anorexia, productive cough, pleuritic
skin abscesses
Focal neurology
CXR: Cavitation, consolidation, nodules, abscesses

33
Q

Pseudomonas pseudomallei

A

Linked with myeloidosis
Gram negative aerobe found in soil and water
Causes skin infection

34
Q

Actinomyces israeli Pneumonia infection

A

anaerobic branching bacilli, often mistaken for fungi
Commensal in pharynx
Linked with poor dentition, COPD and bronchiectasis
M>F
Subacute onset
Cavitating chest wall pustules

35
Q

Moraxella pneumonia infection

A

gram negative aerobic coccus
Commensal in pharynx
Common in COPD and CCF

36
Q

Yersinia

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Very uncommon

37
Q

Pasteurella

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Very uncommon

38
Q

Francisella tularensis

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Very uncommon

39
Q

Baciluus anthracis

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Very uncommon

40
Q

Brucella

Common or uncommon cause of pneumonia?

A

Very uncommon

41
Q

Pneumonia via Yersinia infection

A

Plague!
Gram negativa aerobic rod, non fermenting
Very infectious URTI
Bubonic: suppurating lymph nodes
Pneumonic: CP, SoB, haemoptysis, lower lobe infiltrates, effusion

42
Q

Pasteurella multocida pneumonia infection

A

Gram negative rod
Commensal in mamalian oropharynx
Cutaneous infection from mammalian bite

43
Q

Francisella tularensis pneumonia infection

A

Gram negative rod in animals and insects of N hemisphere

Insect bite causes abrupt pneumonia and purulent bite with lymphadenopathy

44
Q

Bacillus anthracis pneumonia infection

A

Gram negative aerobic rod with soil spores
Infection via contaminated milk/dung
Skin: Black, encrusted pustules
GI: bowel upset
Chest: cough, CO, stridor, oedema of neck and chest wall

45
Q

Brucella pneumonia infection

A

Gram negative coccobacillus
In GI tract of cows, goats, dogs and pigs
Infection via unpasteurised milk
Fever, malaise, HSM
CXR: Nodules, miliary infiltration, mediastinal lymphadenopathy

46
Q

Chlamydia

A

4-13% of CAP
C. pistachio may have had contact with birds (parrots)
Can be low-grade symptoms over months
Can have meningitis, prostration, photophobia, neckstifness
Dx with increased complement-fixing-Ab
Tx- Macrolides (e.g. Erythromycin) or Tetracyclines (e.g. Doxycycline)

Medicine (15 decks)

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