Miscellaneous Cardio

Question 1

Pansystolic murmur

Answer 1

Mitral regurgitation
Papillary muscle ruptute or dysfunction
If severe can result in haemodynamic instability: high CVP, low BP

Question 2

Orgs causing Necrotising Fasciitis

Answer 2

Staph aureus
Group A strep (pyogenes)
Clostridium perfringens
MRSA

Question 3

Reverse the action of FactorXa Inhibitor

Answer 3

Activated charcoal if bleeding starts within 2 hours
Reduces drug absorption
If ineffective at stopping bleed, give prothrombin conplex concentrate

Question 4

Necrotising fasciitis

Answer 4

Pain
Swelling
Fever
Tachycardia
High lactate

Question 5

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump

Answer 5

Aim is to increase myocardial oxygen supply and reduce myocardial oxygen demand

Used in cardiogenic shock when patients are harmodynamically unstable and cannot undergo percitaneous insertion of LVAD (LV Assist Device) or an angiogram

Question 5

Accelerated hypertension

Answer 5

Fails to respond to anti hypertensive therapy

Papilloedma

Question 6

Novel anti-coagulant therapy MOA

Eg Dabigatran

Answer 6

Thrombin inhibition

Question 7

Warfarin MOA

Answer 7

Inhibit formation of vitamin k dependent coagulation factors

Question 8

Rivaroxaban or Apixaban MOA

Answer 8

Factor Xa inhibitors

Question 9

Unfractionated heparin MOA

Answer 9

Indirect inhibition of factor Xa
Temporary anticoagulant
eg enoxaparin, dalteparin

Question 10

Clopidogrel MOA

Answer 10

Inhibit ADP on platelet cell membranes

Question 11

Aspirin MOA

Answer 11

COX inhibitor

Question 12

CHA2DS2-VASc Score

Answer 12

Congestive heart failure or LV dysfunction
Hypertension
Age >75- score 2
Diabetes
Stroke previously- score 2
Vascular disease
Age 65-74
Sex category (female)

Question 13

Several episodes of AF

CHA2DS2-VASc score 0 and below 65

Answer 13

Do echo. If echo normal, no anti coagulation is necessary

Aka lone AF