Typical Development: Newborn to 15 months

Question 1

What are the risk factors for SIDS?

Answer 1

• Maternal smoking during pregnancy
• Smoke environment
• Less than 11-14 weeks of age
• Stomach or side sleeping
• Overheating
• Co-sleeping

Question 2

What position should babies be initially positioned in to sleep?

Answer 2

Supine

Question 3

What is APGAR scoring used for?

Answer 3

Used to evaluate a newborn’s physical condition and to see if there’s an immediate need for extra medical or emergency care.

Question 4

What does APGAR stand for?

Answer 4

A: appearance (colour)
P: pulse (HR)
G: grimace (reflex irritability)
A: activity (muscle tone)
R: respiration (RR)

Question 5

What is each criteria of the AGPAR scored out of?

Answer 5

0 -2

Question 6

What is a normal APGAR score?

Answer 6

8 - 10

Question 7

What does an APGAR score of 3-7 indicate?

Answer 7

Resuscitation is need via suction and oxygen support.

Question 8

What does an APGAR score of 0-2 indicate?

Answer 8

Immediate resuscitation is required

Question 9

At what time periods is the APGAR assessment undertaken?

Answer 9

One, five and ten minutes after birth.

Question 10

What do the early feeding reflexes include and at what age are they present?

Answer 10

• Sucking: birth to 3 months

- Rooting/search reflex: 1 to 4 months

Question 11

What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) position and at what age is this present?

Answer 11

When the face is turned to one side, the arm and leg on the side to which the face is turned extend and the arm and leg on the opposite side flex. Present from 1 - 4 months of age.

Question 12

What is the tonic labyrinthine reflex and at what age is it present?

Answer 12

Tilting the head back while lying supine causes the back to stiffen and even arch backwards, the legs to straighten, stiffen, and push together, the toes to point, the arms to bend at the elbows and wrists, and the hands to become fisted or the fingers to curl.

Question 13

What is the moro reflex and at what age is it present?

Answer 13

Arm abduction and opening of hands, followed by adduction and flexion of fingers in response to a sudden loss of support. Present from 0 - 6 months of age.

Question 14

What is the startle reflex and at what age is it present?

Answer 14

Flexion of arms and legs as a protective mechanism. Present from 7 - 12 months of age.

Question 15

What is the startle reflex and at what age is it present?

Answer 15

Flexion of arms and legs as a protective mechanism. Present from 7 - 12 months of age.

Question 16

What reflexes are present in the hand and feet in the newborn period?

Answer 16

• Foot grasp
• Toe curl
• Finger grasp

Question 17

What are righting reactions?

Answer 17

Also known as the Labyrinthine righting reflex. Involves the correcting of the orientation of the body when it is taken out of its normal upright position/midline.

Question 18

What assessment tools can be used to assess a child’s motor development?

Answer 18

• Alberta Infant Motor Scale

- Neurosensory Motor Development Assessment

Question 19

What age group can the Neurosensory Motor Development Assessment be used for and what six areas does it test?

Answer 19

For 0 - 6 year old children

• Gross motor
• Fine motor
• Neurological
• Primitive reflexes
• Postural reactions and balance
• Sensory

Question 20

What age group can the Alberta Infant Motor Scale be used for and what four positions does it assess?

Answer 20

Used for 0 - 18 months

• Prone
• Supine
• Sitting
• Standing