Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 1

What is austism spectrum disorder?

Answer 1

A lifelong neurodevelopmental disability, previously defined as a triad of impairments: communication, social interaction and restricted and repetitive behaviours & interests

Question 2

At what age is autism usually diagnosed?

Answer 2

Usually recognised during the second year of life 12-24 months but may be seen earlier if developmental delay is severe or later if symptoms are subtle

Question 3

What is the gender ratio of autism?

Answer 3

4:1 male:female

Question 4

How is learning different for children with autism?

Answer 4

• Literal thinking
• Rote memory skills
• Visual learning rather than auditory
• Learn total concept rather than components

Question 5

What communication strategies should be used when working with autistic children?

Answer 5

• Avoid complex language and long sentences
• Avoid talking too much with excess words
• Use consistent vocabulary
• Use appropriate tone, body posture and facial expression

Question 6

What are the two types of over-sensitivity behaviours and what do they involve?

Answer 6

1. Sensory sensitivity: crying, screaming, running away, hitting
2. Sensory avoidance: actively avoids activities which are uncomfortable or painful

Question 7

What gait abnormalities may be present in an autistic child?

Answer 7

• Problems performing heel/toe gait pattern
• More asymmetric arm posturing during gait
• More anomalies in general movement during gait – stereotypical movements with decreased variation, and “waddling” gait with predominantly lateral weight shift.