Typical and Atypical Development Flashcards
Moro reflex
primitive fight or flight reaction
Moro reflex appears
birth
Moro reflex intergrated by:
2-4 months
Signs of retention of moro reflex:
hypersensitivity, hyper reactivity, control sensory overload, poor impulse control
Rooting reflex
automatic response to turn towards food
Rooting reflex appears:
birth
Rooting reflex intergrated by:
3-4 months
Sign of retention of rooting reflex:
fussing eating, thumb sucking, dribbling
Palmer reflex
automatic flexing of fingers to grab
Palmer reflex appears
birth
Palmer reflex intergrated:
5-6 months
Signs of retention of Palmer’s reflex:
difficulty with fine motor skills
ATNR reflex:
assist baby through birth canal and develop cross pattern movement
ATNR appears:
birth
ATNR intergrated:
6 months
Signs of retention of ATNR:
poor hand eye coordination, difficulty with handwriting, poor visual tracking
Spinal Gallant Reflex
assist baby with birth response
Spinal Gallant Reflex appear:
birth
Spinal gallant reflex intergrated:
3-9 months
Signs of retention of spinal gallant reflex:
unilateral or bilateral postural issues, fidgeting, bedwetting
TLR
basis for head management and postural stability using major muscle groups
TLR appears
in utero
TLR integrated:
3.5 years
Signs of retention of TLR
poor muscle tone, toe walking, poor balace
Landau reflex:
assist with posture development
Landau reflex appears
4-5 months
Landau reflex integrated by:
1 year
Signs of retention of Landau reflex:
poor motor development
STNR:
preparation for crawling
STNR appears
6-9 months
STNR integrated:
9-11 months
Sign STNR retention:
tendency to slump while sitting, poor hand eye coordination, inability to sit still and concentration
Stimulus of More reflex
Loud sound or sudden head extension by slight drop of head
Response of Moro reflex:
Limb extension then flexion
Stimulus of Palmar/Plantar Grasp:
Index finger in palm of baby’s hand/
Thumb against sole of foot just behind toes
Response of Palmar/Plantar Grasp:
Fingers flex/toes flex
Stimulus of ATNR:
Head turned to one side, 15 sec
Response of ATNR:
Elbow extends on face side, flexes on skull side
Stimulus of Gallant:
Stroke alongside spine from shoulders downward
Response of Gallant:
Trunk incurvation with concavity toward stimulus
Stimulus of Babinski:
Stroke firmly along plantar surface of foot
Response of Babinski:
Great toe flaring, fanning of toes
Stimulus of stepping:
Held upright, feet in contact with surface
Response of stepping:
Alternate hip, knee, ankle flexion
Stimulus of Landau:
Held in vertical suspension under tummy
Response of Landau:
Head, spine, legs extend to ‘fly’
What are postural reflexes mediated by?
higher centers, most arise from the midbrain
What triggers postural reflexes?
gravity
When are postural reflexes established?
3.5 years and remain
What does activation of postural reflexes depend on?
degree of balance disturbance, i.e., misalignment of head results in a righting reaction, perturbation of body requires equilibrium reactions to remain upright
What mediates primitive reflexes?
Brainstem-mediated, complex automatic movement patterns
Righting reflex:
Develop after birth and remain for life.
Response to rapid loss of balance
What do righting reflexes do?
Assist with integrated movements of head on trunk.
Facilitate development of head control, rolling, sitting, crawling, and standing
Neck righting
present at birth, strongest at 3 months; whole body follows head turning in supine in a log roll
Labyrinthine head righting
emerges at 2 months, strongest at 10 months; enables head lifting in prone, eyes forward and level with ears; elicited by vestibular and somatosensory input
Oculo-head righting reflex
visual stimulus to stabilize head while body moves
Segmental rolling
develops at 6 months as neck and body righting mature; dissociated movement between shoulders and pelvis
Equilibrium Reaction:
Appear around 6 months, remain throughout life.
Movement response is event specific and unique to each situation
What is maintaining balance dependent on?
Maturity of the nervous system
Mobility of joints in spine and limbs
Muscle power
