types of vaccines Flashcards
purpose of vaccines
provide stimulation by antigens specific to a pathogen that the person may encounter in the future without giving them the full infection. This gives them a head start in clearing the infection if they encounter that pathogen in the future
subunit vaccine
only contain specific parts of the organism (such as the exact antigen required) to stimulate an immune response and the subsequent immunity to the disease. They cannot cause an infection and are safe for patients with immunosuppression (although they may not have an adequate response).
inactivated vaccines
contain pathogens that have been treated to kill them (e.g. with heat) to make them unable to cause an infection but still contain all the necessary antigens to stimulate an immune response. These are also safe for patients with immunosuppression (although they may not have an adequate response).
live attenuated vaccine
contain a weakened version of the virus, and are still capable of causing the infection and should be avoided in immunosuppressed patients. The following vaccines are live:
Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (all three contain weakened viruses)
BCG (contains a weakened version of tuberculosis)
Shingles (contained a weakened varicella-zoster virus)
Nasal influenza vaccine (not the injection)
herd immunity
when enough of the population is immune that the pathogen is unable to survive in hosts and be passed between members of the population. cannot exists long enough in lage enoguh numbers to infect people that aren’t immune
MMR
6 in 1 vaccine
given as a single injection diptheria hep B haemophilus influenza B polio tetanus pertussis (whooping cough)
given at 8, 12, 16 weeks old
vaccines given at one year
MMR vaccine
Hib, MenC vaccine
3rd dose of Men B and pneumococal vacine
2- 8 years old
children will receive the annual flu vaccine via a nasal spray
