Types of vaccines - 2 Flashcards
Infanrix hexa (6 in 1)
One 0.5 mL IM dose contains:
* Diphtheria toxoid
* Tetanus toxoid
* Bordetella pertussis antigens (pertussis toxoid, filamentous haemoglobin, pertactin) absorbed onto hydrated aluminium
hydroxide
* Hep B surface antigen absorbed onto aluminium phosphate
* Inactivated poliovirus (type 1 – Mahoney strain; type 2 – MEF-1 strain; type 3 – Saukett strain) propagated in VERO (monkey
kidney) cells and inactivated with formaldehyde
* Haemophilus influenza type b polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus toxoid as carrier protein
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) - Prevenar 13
Protects against Bacterial pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae). One 0.5 mL IM dose contains capsular polysaccharides (PS) from 13 most-common isolates of S. Pneumoniae, conjugated to diphtheria toxoid and absorbed onto aluminium phosphate.
Rotavirus – Rotarix
Protects against Rotavirus infection. One 1.5ml dose contains the Human rotavirus RIX4414 strain.
The virus is excreted in faeces and transmission can occur so care must be taken to avoid transmission to immunosuppressed.
Men B – Bexsero
Protects against Bacterial meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis) capsular group B. 0.5 mL IM dose contains:
* Recombinant N. meningitidis group B Neisseria heparin binding protein (NHBA) fusion protein
* Neisserial adhesion A (NadA) fusion protein, produced in E. Coli and absorbed onto aluminium hydroxide
* Factor H binding protein (fhbp) fusion protein, produced in E. Coli and absorbed onto aluminium hydroxide
* Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) from Neisseria meningitidis group B strain NZ98/254 (non-recombinant)
Hib & Men C – Menitorix
Protects against H. Influenzae & N. Meningitis serotype C. One 0.5 mL IM dose contains:
* Haemophilus type b, conjugated to tetanus toxoid
* Neisseria meningitidis group C (strain C11) capsular polysaccharide, conjugated to tetanus toxoid
MMR - Priorix
Protects against Measles, Mumps and Rubella. One 0.5 mL IM/SC dose contains:
* Live attenuated measles virus (Schwartz strain) – produced in chick embryo cells – caution in allergy to egg
* Live attenuated mumps virus (RIT 4385 strain) – produced in chick embryo cells
* Live attenuated rubella virus (Wistar RA 27/3 strain) – produced in human MRC-5 cells
Influenza
There are three flu vaccines which can be given. It protects against strains A & B, with subtypes from previous flu season. Fluenz Tetra (attenuated) - 0.1ml is applied to nostril, with no need for inhalation. Fluenz tetra should be given unless the child is at risk (severe asthma or active wheezing), or if they are allergic to eggs/ egg proteins or excipients (gelatine, gentamycin). There is a smaller risk of pain/ distress, but it may causes runny nose, headache, loss of appetite and fever.
Fluarix Tetra (inactivated) - 0.5ml dose is given via IM injection. Care should be taken in those with thrombocytopaenia.
Fluenz & Fluarix tetra are quadrivalent (2 x A and 2 x B) and given to children. There is no difference in the risk of anaphylaxis between the injection and the nasal spray.
Fluad –0.5 mL IM dose contains adjuvated, inactivated virus. Three strains vary depending on the prevalence of influenza strains. Fluad is trivalent and given to the elderly.
HPV
Protects against the Human papilloma virus, which is contracted sexually and is responsible for 99% of cervical cancer cases. Gardisil, which protects against HPV. HPV invades and persists in APCs, effectively hiding from the immune system. 50% of infected women will develop antibodies to HPV but they are low titre and wane within a few years, so long term protection is not conferred. Gardisil prevents HPV binding to cell-surface entry receptors on epithelial basal cells of vagina and cervix and induces high serum HPV type specific nABs. The major antigen in HPV is the L1 Capsid Protein from HPV 6, 11, 16, 18. It is expressed as a recombinant protein in yeast cells. The L1 protein spontaneously assembles into a 3-dimensional virus-like particle, which is structurally similar to capsid of HPV. It cannot cause disease and the side effects are mild – fever, injection site
Men ACWY – Menveo
Menveo contains Meningococcal groups A, C, W135 and Y capsular PS conjugated to diphtheria toxoid.
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine – Pneumovax 23
Protects against 23 capsular groups of S. pneumonia. One 0.5 mL IM dose contains unconjugated purified polysaccharides. It provides immunity against 90% of serotypes found in pneumococcal bacteraemia and is offered to the elderly & those with chronic conditions (asthma/ COPD).
Varicella-Zoster Vaccine – Zostavax
Protects against re-activated latent varicella (shingles). One 0.65 mL SC dose contains a high-potency attenuated varicella zoster virus. Zostavax is licensed for those ≥ 50 and is free of charge to all people aged 70, 78 or 79 in the UK. It cannot be given to those > 80 or immunosuppressed
