Types of vaccines

Question 1

Monovalent

Answer 1

vaccines offer immunity against a single antigen/strain of a pathogenic microorganism (e.g. Rotarix).

Question 2

Multivalent

Answer 2

vaccines offer immunity against multiple strains of a pathogenic microorganism (e.g. Men ACWY).

Question 3

Combination

Answer 3

vaccines offer immunity against multiple pathogenic microorganisms (e.g. Infanrix hexa 6-in-1).

Question 4

Heterologous vaccines

Answer 4

offer immunity against a pathogen that shares cross-reacting antigens with the microorganism
present in the vaccine (e.g. small-pox vaccinia).

Question 5

Homotypic

Answer 5

vaccines contain one component.

Question 6

Heterotypic

Answer 6

vaccines contain many components; this may be a modified whole cell, a toxoid.

Question 7

Live (attenuated)

Answer 7

Viral - MMR Influenza Rotavirus Polio
Bacterial - Mycobacterium tuberculosis (BCG) Salmonella typhi

Question 8

Killed (inactivated)

Answer 8

Viral - Influenza Polio (IPV)
Bacterial - Corynebacterium diphtheriae Clostridium tetani Haemophilus influenzae type b Bordetella pertussis
Rickettsia spp. (typhus) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 9

Purified proteins (inc. Mabs) and Toxoids

Answer 9

Viral - Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody that recognises Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Bacterial - Corynebacterium diphtheriae (toxoid) Clostridium tetani (toxoid)
Neisseria meningitidis (group B)

Question 10

. Recombinant Protein

Answer 10

viral - Hepatitis B
bacterial - Neisseria meningitidis (group B)

Question 11

Polysaccharide

Answer 11

viral - none
bacterial - Neisseria meningitidis Haemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae (NHS)

Question 12

Glycoconjugate

Answer 12

viral- none
bacterial - Neisseria meningitidis (groups A, C, W, Y)