Types Of Tectonic Activity

Question 1

Basaltic Lava

Answer 1

Basalt makes up most of the ocean floor and is the most common type of lava. A dark, fine-grained, igneous rock.

Question 2

Ash

Answer 2

The powdery residue left after the burning of a substance.

Question 3

Andesitic Lava

Answer 3

A gray, fine-grained volcanic rock.

Question 4

Epicentre

Answer 4

The point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

Question 5

Dormant Volcano

Answer 5

A dormant volcano is an active volcano that is not erupting, but supposed to erupt again.

Question 6

Rhyolitic Lava

Answer 6

A fine-grained igneous rock rich in silica: the volcanic equivalent of granite.

Question 7

Active Volcano

Answer 7

An active volcano is a volcano that has had at least one eruption during the past 10,000 years.

Question 8

Composite Cone Volcano

Answer 8

A volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash.

Question 9

Extinct Volcano

Answer 9

An extinct volcano has not had an eruption for at least 10,000 years and is not expected to erupt again in a comparable time scale of the future.

Question 10

Fold Mountains

Answer 10

Mountains that form mainly by the effects of folding on layers within the upper part of the Earth’s crust.

Question 11

Geysers

Answer 11

Hot springs in which water intermittently boils, sending a tall column of water and steam into the air.

Question 12

Hydro-Meteorological Hazards

Answer 12

A process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. This can includes tropical cyclones.

Question 13

Jokulhlaups

Answer 13

A type of glacial outburst flood.

Question 14

Lahar

Answer 14

A destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano.

Question 15

Landslide

Answer 15

A collapse of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff.

Question 16

Mantle Plume

Answer 16

A long cloud of smoke or vapour resembling a feather as it spreads from its point of origin.

Question 17

Seafloor Spreading

Answer 17

Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics.

Question 18

Shield Volcano

Answer 18

A broad domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.

Question 19

Supervolcano

Answer 19

An unusually large volcano having the potential to produce an eruption with major effects on the global climate and ecosystem.

Question 20

Tephra

Answer 20

Rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcanic eruption.

Question 21

Tsunami

Answer 21

A long, high sea wave caused by an earthquake or other disturbance.

Question 22

Earthquake

Answer 22

A sudden violent shaking of the ground, typically causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth’s crust or volcanic action.