Types of Research Flashcards
What is evidence based practice?
- Critical decision making
- Integration of clinical experience, needs of patient and best supporting research evidence
- Clinicians must know
◦ How & where to access evidence ◦ How to evaluate merits of evidence
◦ Distinguish between dogma and sound scientific evidence
◦ How to integrate scientific evidence into practice
Empiricism
Knowledge gained by experience & observation
ex) The tide is high when the moon is full.
Rationalism
◦ Knowledge gained by logical thought
◦ Deductive reasoning
ex) Tides are affected by the moon
Deductive Reasoning
-Structured approach utilizing an accepted premise (known as a major premise), a related minor premise, and an obvious conclusion.
-By following downward from the general to the specific, knowledge can be gained about a particular relationship.
-Major Premise:
◦ All students attend school regularly
-Minor Premise:
◦ John is a student
-Conclusion:
◦ John attends school regularly
Inductive Reasoning
- Gathering of specific information in order to make general conclusions.
- Allows new major premises to be determined.
- Inductive reasoning has been adopted into the sciences as the preferred way to explore new relationships because it allows us to use accepted knowledge as a means to gain new knowledge.
ex)
- Specific Premise: ◦ John, Sally, Lenny and Sue attended class regularly
- Specific Premise:
◦ John, Sally, Lenny, and Sue received high grades
- Conclusion: ??? ◦ Attending class regularly results in high grades
Hypothesis
Theory with defined & testable variables
Dependent Variable
What is the outcome?
Independent Variable
What is the condition that we think will cause the outcome?
Confounding Variables
- Variables that may influence results
- Must control for these
- Extraneous variables
Basic Research
◦ Development of knowledge
◦ No practical application
Applied Research
◦ Solve problem of immediate consequence
Descriptive Research
◦ Group differences, trends, relationships among factors
Experimental Research
◦ Exam effects of manipulating events or characteristics
Quasi Experimental
◦ Like experimental but w/o randomization
Ethical requirements aim to:
◦ Minimize possibility of exploitation
◦ Ensure that the rights and welfare of subjects are respected while they contribute to the generation of knowledge
