Research Designs Flashcards
2 important functions of a title page
- provides a quick summary of the research, including title, authors names, and affiliation
- provides a means for blind evaluation
tips for a good title
- specific
- concise (15-20 words)
- refer to primary variables
- if many variables, refer to types
- ID types of individuals who participated
bivalent between subjects study
one group vs. control
multivalent between subjects
several groups vs. control group
-different values of experimental treatment
within subjects design
- one group
- performance of same subject compared different times, under different conditions
- each subject measured on ALL variables
- longitudinal designs
within subjects possible extraneous variables
- sequencing effects
- order
- carryover
how to avoid possible extraneous variables in within subjects testing
- counterbalancing the order or tasks
- randomizing order
Mixed designs
- 2 IVs
- measure effect of 1st IV with between design
- measure effects off 2nd IV with within design
Descriptive research
- group trends
- group differences
- relationships among variables
- correlational ONLY
- researchers are passive observers
attribute variable
cannot be manipulated by researcher
- age
- gender
- type of disorder
- education level
- SES
types of descriptive research
- comparative
- developmental
- correlational
- survey
- retrospective
comparative research
- compare 2 or more classes of subjects at one point in time
- similarities and differences
- cannot draw conclusions about cause and effects because other variable may be at play
developmental research
- measure changes in behavior over time
- IV=maturation
types of developmental research
- longitudinal
- semi-longitudinal
- cross-sectional
longitudinal
- follow groups of subjects over time
- within subjects
- expensive, time consuming
semi-longitudinal
- divide age span in overlapping sections
- follow subjects in each section from youngest to oldest age in each section
cross-sectional
-groups of subjects from different age groups
correlational research
- relationship between 2 or more variables
- how do changes in one variable predict change in another?
- two variables measured, not manipulated
- no conclusions about cause and effects
survey research
- prevalence of a factor (attitudes, conditions, practices)
- questionnaires, interviews, combo
- sample population and generalize to whole
retrospective research
-examine previously collected data
single subject designs
-comparison of treatment effects on
a single subject
small number of single subjects
pretreatment measurement
baseline
posttreatment measurement
outcome
components of single subject designs
A= the baseline and withdrawal phases B= treatment phase
SSD-ABAB
- A = measure baseline
- Apply treatment
- B = measure treatment
- Withdraw treatment
- A = Measure effect of withdrawal
- Re-introduce treatment
- B = measure effects of reintro
analysis of SSD data
-rely on visual analysis of graphed data rather than statistical analyses to make decisions about significance of the treatment approach
ABAB-possible extraneous variables and how to control for them
- maturation
- timing of training
- amount of training
- controlled by using multiple baseline
SSD multiple baselines
-uses a varying time schedule that allows the researcher to determine if the application of treatment is truly influencing the behavior
compare single subject vs group designs
- variables are manipulated
- the effect of IV on DV is measured
- SS demonstrate experimental control differently than group designs
experimental control in SSD
-SUBJECT serves as his own control and is administered all condition of the experimental condition and then all conditions are re-ad ministered
experimental control in group designs
- two groups (control and experimental)
- random selection of subjects from a larger population
- statistical stats
