Types of Reactions

Question 1

What are the three major categories of chemical reactions?

Answer 1

• redox
• no redox
• organic reactions

Question 2

What are the five subcategories of redox reactions?

Answer 2

1. synthesis
2. decomposition
3. single replacement
4. burning
5. redox by commonly-used “agents”

Question 3

What is a synthesis reaction?

Answer 3

sythesis reactions are direct combinations of elements

ex. 2Ca O₂ –> 2CaO

Question 4

What are the two main components of a synthesis reaction?

Answer 4

• oxidizing agents — usually nonmentals (halogens, C, S, N, O, P)
• reducing agent — metal or less electronegative nonmetal

Question 5

How can a decomposition reaction be identified?

Answer 5

decomposition reactions involve heating or electrolysis

Question 6

What defines a single replacement reaction?

Answer 6

The general form “XY +Z –> YZ +X”

These reactions follow the patterns of the activity series and electronegativity charts

Question 7

What is a burning (simple combustion) reaction?

Answer 7

metal or non-metal ignited in oxygen or air to form oxides of all elements present; hydrocarbon or other organic compound ignited in ocygen or air to form H₂O and CO₂ (or Co or C)

Question 8

What are the common oxidizing agents? (Reaction by commonly-used agents)

Answer 8

• MnO₄^-​
  
  • acid solution –> Mn²⁺
  • basic solution –> MnO₂ or MnO₄^2-
• Cr₂O₇^2-
  
  • acid solution –> Cr³⁺
• H₂O₂
  
  • always reacts to form H₂O
• NO₃^-
  
  • acid solution –> NO₂, NO, or NH₄⁺
• nonmetals
  
  • always form anions

Question 9

What are the common reducing agents? (Redox by commonly-used agents)

Answer 9

• metals
  
  • always form anions
• SO₂
  
  • acid solutions –> SO₄^2-
• Sn²⁺
  
  • ^​always goes to Sn⁴⁺

Question 10

What are the subcategories of no redox reactions?

Answer 10

1. double replacement
2. acid-base reactions
3. complexation

Question 11

What are the types of double replacement reactions?

Answer 11

1. precipitation (see solubility rules)
2. formation of insoluble gas
3. formation of water from H⁺ and OH^-
   
   • Arrhenius neutralization

Question 12

What are the types of acid-base reactions?

Answer 12

1. Arrhenius (H⁺+ OH^- –> H₂O)
2. Bronsted-Lowry
   
   • ​proton transer
3. ​​​Lewis
   
   • ​​donating/accepting share in a pair of electrons
4. ​amphiprotic species
   
   • ​​species that can both donate or accept protons (Bronsted-Lowry)
5. ​anhydrides
   
   • ​​oxides of metals and nonmetals dissolved in water to form acids and bases​

Question 13

What is complexation?

Answer 13

Complexation is a type of Lewis acid-base behavior in which a covalent bond is formed whith only one of the atoms contributing both electrons

• common ligands (Lewis bases): NH₃, C₂O₄^2-, CN^-, H₂O, OH^-, Cl^-
• common lewis acids: AlCl₃, BF₃, ions of transition metals