Solubility

Question 1

What are the typically insoluble compounds?

Answer 1

Compounds containing S^2-, CO₃^2-, PO₄^3-, and OH^-

Question 2

What are the typically soluble compounds?

Answer 2

Compounds containing NO₃^-, CH₃COO^-(C₂H₃O₂^-), Cl^-, I^-and SO₄^2-

Question 3

NO₃^-

Answer 3

• soluble
• no important exceptions
• strong monoprotic acid

Question 4

CH₃COO^- (C₂H₃O₂^-)

Answer 4

• soluble
• no important exceptions
• weak monoprotic acid

Question 5

S^2-

Answer 5

• insoluble in a compound
• 5 important exceptions
  
  1. NH₄⁺
  2. All elements in Group 1A
  3. Ca²⁺
  4. Sr²⁺
  5. Ba²⁺

Question 6

Cl^-

Answer 6

• soluble
• 3 important exceptions
  
  1. Ag²⁺
  2. Hg₂²⁺
  3. Pb²⁺
• strong monoprotic acid
• also strong involving chlorine:
  
  • chloric acid HClO₃
  • perchhloric acid HClO₄

Question 7

CO₃^2-

Answer 7

• insoluble
• 2 important exceptions
  
  1. NH₄⁺
  2. all elements in Group 1A

Question 8

PO₄^3-

Answer 8

• insoluble
• 2 important exceptions
  
  1. NH₄⁺
  2. all elements in Group 1A

Question 9

I^-

Answer 9

• soluble
• 3 important exceptions
  
  1. Ag²⁺
  2. Hg₂²⁺
  3. Pb²⁺
• strong monoprotic acid

Question 10

OH^-

Answer 10

• insoluble
• 5 important exceptions
  
  1. NH₄⁺
  2. all elements in Group 1A
  3. Ca²⁺
  4. Sr²⁺
  5. Ba²⁺
• all elements containing hydroxide are bases

Question 11

SO₄^2-

Answer 11

• soluble
• 4 important exceptions
  
  1. Sr²⁺
  2. Ba²⁺
  3. Hg₂²⁺
  4. Pb²⁺
• strong diprotic acid

Question 12

What are the strong acids?

Answer 12

1. hydrochloric acid (HCl)
2. hydrobromic acid (HBr)
3. hydroiodic acid (HI)
4. chloric acid (HClO₃₎
5. perchloric acid (HClO₄₎
6. nitric acid (HNO₃₎
7. sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄₎

Question 13

What are the strong bases?

Answer 13

1. Group 1A metal hydroxides
   
   • ex. NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH
2. heavy Group 2A metal hydroxides
   
   • ex. Ca(OH)₂, Sr(OH)₂, Ba(OH)₂

Question 14

What is the major weak base?

Answer 14

ammonia (NH₃)