Types of radiographs Flashcards
Direct/intra-oral
- periapical (PA)
- bitewing (BW)
- occlusal
Indirect/extra-oral
- panoramic (Pan)
- cephalometric (ceph)
- cone beam computed tomography (CBCI)
Occlusal
- canine to canine
- trauma
- impacted teeth
- supernumerary teeth
Cephlometric
LATERAL: - relationship of teeth and jaws - treatment changes - growth POSTERIOR - ANTERIOR (PA) - looking for tranverse asymmetry
Cone beam computed technology
3 dimensional radiographic image 3 diffrent views from it: - axial - top/bottom view- - sagittal - side to side view - coronal - front to back view software also provides a 3D volumetric provider
- Implant planning - most common use, able to check bone quality, the quantity of bone, how high or how wide a certain alveolous ridge might be, you can look at where vital anatomy is
- Endodontics - to look at root fracture, root resporation and to better understand complex canal anatomy
- Orthodontics - to look at tooth impaction, the exact location and orientation of an impacted tooth and its relation to other tooth roots
- TMJ - to look at the condylar head, the fossa and the articulate eminence
- Pathology - good look at certain pathological lesions that might be obsuscated by a regular two- dimensional radiographic image
Water’s view
the standard xray of choice for showing an anterior view of the paranasal sinsuses and midface and orbits
- angled PA ceph of skull
- best film of paranasal sinuses
xray source is behind patients face, angle is 45 degrees to the orbital-medial line
Towne’s view
- angled PA ceph of skull
- best film to visualize condyle
film is under the head, and source is from the front, directed right at the condyle at about 30 degrees angle to the orbital medial line
Submentrovertex view
- base projection of skull
- best film to visualise busilar skull and zygomatic fractures
Bisecting angle technique
- central ray of xray beam aimed perpundicular to the imaginary bisector between long axis of tooth and long axis of receptor
Paralleling technique
- receptor is placed parrallel to the long axis of the tooth
- central ray of xray beam aimed perpundicular to long axis of both tooth and receptor
Common errors - with digital imaging
- elongation = most common error
- cone cut
- underexposed
- overexposed
- double exposure
Common errors - panoramics
- motion - patients, swallowing physically moving around, moving their head, lines could appear wavy and irregular
- chin down = big smile
- chin up = frown
- ghosting
Radiographic interpretation
interpretation principles:
- know what normal is - need to know what normal looks like in order to see abnormal
- compare right and left sides - particularly for panoramic xrays
- categorize the disease or abnormality
- start globally, then go locally
Corticated unilocular
- radiolucent lesion
- one compartment
- radiopaque border
Non-corticated unilocular
- radiolucent lesion
- one compartment
- no clear border
- edges are a bit more defuse and harder to trace
Multilocular
- radiolucent lesion
- multiple compartments usually seperated by septation
- 1 point of origin
Mulifocal confluent
- radiolucent lesion
- multiple points of origin
- beginning to converge on each other
Moth-eaten
- radiolucent lesion
- irregular, ragged edges
- can be generalised or localised
Focal opacity
- radiopaque lesion
- single site
- homogenous = same density
- heterogenous = varying density
Target lesion
- radiopaque lesion
- radiopaque center
- radiolucent band around it
- corticated border around that
Multifocal confluent
- radiopaque lesion
- multiple points of origin
- beginning to coverage on each other
Irregular
- radiopaque lesion
- ill-defined edges
- osteo-sarcoma
Mixed density
- radiopaque lesion
- both radiopaque and radiolucent components
- sometime corticated
Soft tissue opacity
- radiopaque lesion
- calcification embedded within soft tissue
