Types Of Memory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Pounds sterling fell from the sky during my dads birth year. Those were used to create a sensory deprivation centre. There they put leaves on their patients eyes. Which allowed them to stay for days!

A

Sperling (1960)
Sensory register
Very brief displays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sperling (1960) method:
Ugly labrador. Spotted three people rowing. For littering. Whilst 50 drug dealers, immediately recalled their helicopter. A whole squid drove it. Oh he chose to land on the rowing boat.

A
Laboratory experiment 
Three rows of four letters 
50 milliseconds
Immediately recall 
Whole grid
Chosen row
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sperling (1960)

Adults had holes drilled in their brains. To Store a chip. So they could drive better and eat sweaters. when they got agitated they started cutting down trees.

A
Results
Whole grid
Four
Five
Letters

Indicated
Three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sperling (1960)

During a concussion I drew a bowl instead of a math graph. I smelled words and hallucinated about a cash register. Without the cash my wife couldn’t abort our baby. Holy shit. she shat on the floor creating a skid mark. It got bigger and invaded my floor. Once she finished whipping her ass I through a baseball on her face.

A
Conclusion
Whole
Grid 
Held
Sensory 
Register
Couldn’t report 
Whole
Trace 
Faded
Before
Finished 
Recall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sperling (1960)

A librarian loved to make her hamsters squeak. In her basement she had vultures chanting. She gave them eggplants and raisins to eat. Assassins sniffed loincloth before coming in. They had gotten the loincloth from eskimos that had volunteered to give it to them in return for their friend the brown bruited robocop. They decided to steal the rich waffles from the librarian.

A
Laboratory
Highly scientific
Variables controlled
Easy 
Replicate
Artificial Setting Lacks 
Ecological validity
Results bad representation
Real world.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Polygamous awesome philosophers

We’re friends with

Sour talented monsters

Who were considered

Tyrants

(Hawaii admired as 50th state)

A

Peterson and Peterson 1959

STM

Trigrams

1959

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Peterson and Peterson 1959

Movie where nourished tintin fights dangerous raging alligators. Scientists testified for his courage. Who turned out to be evil Irishmen who trespassed because poltergeist remained in control of them. They became international criminals.

A
Method
Nonsense trigram
Recall different (after) set times
Interference task
Prevent repeating
Internally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Peterson and Peterson:

Rough tramps skipped elaborately knowing that Elvis sailed tearfully.

A

Results

3 sec 80%

18 sec 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Peterson and Peterson

chihuahuas returned passively to their vegetable loving owners whilst they are watching superman impregnating skeletal fabric loudly for 18 seconds.

A
Conclusion
Rehearsal prevented
Very little 
Stay in STM for longer 
18 seconds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Peterson and Peterson evaluation

A

Results reliable lab experiment variables tightly controlled.

Nonsense trigrams artificial. Lacks ecological validity. One stimulus only. Type of stimulus may change duration.

Meaning full real life mems May last longer in STM.

Each participant many trigrams shown. Confusion. First trigram only realistic trial…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Barack’s expensive accountants spent

Lots of time masturbating to nuns showering.
And spent time eating

Vibrant lobsters trashing meatballs.

End of Vietnam war.

A

Bahrick et al (1975)

LTM Natural setting

Very long term memories (VLTMs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bahrick et al (1975)

Merlin turned firm rapid trolleys into puffy rebelling toddlers to kill nasty rapid thieves who had stolen 392 jewels.

A

Method:
free recall test (list names of their ex classmates)
Photo recognition test (shown photos asked to recall names of people shown)
Name-recognition test (given names and asked to match them to a photo of the classmate)

392 people took part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bahrick et al

Rattlesnake looked at yoda laughing snobbishly. Whilst watching a video on YouTube of feminists telephoning furious Einstein.

A

Results

Years leaving school:

15, 30, 45

15- recognise 90% names + faces. 60% accurate free recall.

30- free recall 30% accuracy

48- name-recognition 80% accurate, photo recognition 40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bahrick et al

Careless Vultures love to masturbate in real life. Their mission is to have better sex. They fly to the biggest Tesco’s in the worlds location. Not always easy for them to accurately get there. There they often meet with harmless tasty rattlesnakes!

A

Conclusion Evidence of VLTMs in a real life setting. Recognition better than recall. Huge store of information not always easy to access. So need help to retrieve information from it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bahrick et al 1975 evaluation.

A

Field experiment=high ecological validity.

Hard control so less reliable.

Can’t know why information recalled well.

Showed better recall than other studies on LTM.

Meaningful information stored better.

Information could be rehearsed… (know or talk about classmate. = increased rate of recall.

So results can’t be generalised to other types of info held in LTM!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Jafar Captured Obese Samurai

Thomas Stevens is 1st man to bicycle around the world

A

Jacobs capacity of STM

1887

17
Q

Jacobs method:

A

String of letter and digits

Repeat back in the same order

Number of letters or digits increased until participant failed

18
Q

Jacobs

A

Results.

9 digits, 7 letters

Capacity increased with age during childhood.

19
Q

Jacobs conclusion:

A

Limited storage capacity of 5-9 items.

Individual differences.

STM increased w age (mem techniques?)

Digits easier? Only ten different digits compared to 26 letters

20
Q

Jacobs

Evil asteroids looked for lukewarm enthusiastic vitamins… they were hanging out with ravishing ladies. The had meaningful informations about sinister glossy centaurs. They told the asteroids that counting cards confused them so after playing blackjack they came back home to watch episodes of suits!

A

Evaluation

Artificial

Lacks ecological validity. Real life xxxx no

Meaningful info STM greater capacity

Previous sequences recalled participants confused for future trial?

21
Q

Mister millers Rapid Reindeers Inspected Combative Otters Sluggishly.

Elvis Presley’s first hit heartbreak hotel

A

Miller reviewed research into capacity of STM

1956

22
Q

Millers magic number

A

Capacity of STM is seven plus or minus two.

23
Q

Chunking

A

Combine individual letters or numbers into larger more meaningful units.

STM could prob hold 7 pieces chunked info increasing capacity

24
Q

Coding

A

Is about the way information is stored in memory

25
Q

STM AND LTM coding

A

STM acoustic cause tend to repeat information in mind

LTM semantic more useful to code words in terms of their meaning. (Also visual + acoustic)

26
Q

Acoustic

Semantic

A

A- how info sounds

S- meaning of information

27
Q

First soft landing on moon

Curly had a python with no STM or LTM

A

1966

Baddely coding STM and LTM

28
Q

Baddeley method

A

Four sets of words acoustically similar or dissimilar or semantically similar or semantically dissimilar.

Independent group design

Recall immediately or following 20 min task

29
Q

Baddeley results

A

Problems recalling acoustically similar words when immediately (from STM)

Recalling after interval LTM problems with semantically similar words.

30
Q

Conc baddeley

A

Patterns of confusion between similar words suggest LTM more likely to rely on semantic coding, STM on acoustic…

31
Q

Evaluation:

A

Lacks ecological validity.

Other types of LTM, other methods of coding. - experiment doesn’t consider…

Independent groups no control over participant variables.