Types Of Memory Flashcards
Pounds sterling fell from the sky during my dads birth year. Those were used to create a sensory deprivation centre. There they put leaves on their patients eyes. Which allowed them to stay for days!
Sperling (1960)
Sensory register
Very brief displays
Sperling (1960) method:
Ugly labrador. Spotted three people rowing. For littering. Whilst 50 drug dealers, immediately recalled their helicopter. A whole squid drove it. Oh he chose to land on the rowing boat.
Laboratory experiment Three rows of four letters 50 milliseconds Immediately recall Whole grid Chosen row
Sperling (1960)
Adults had holes drilled in their brains. To Store a chip. So they could drive better and eat sweaters. when they got agitated they started cutting down trees.
Results Whole grid Four Five Letters
Indicated
Three
Sperling (1960)
During a concussion I drew a bowl instead of a math graph. I smelled words and hallucinated about a cash register. Without the cash my wife couldn’t abort our baby. Holy shit. she shat on the floor creating a skid mark. It got bigger and invaded my floor. Once she finished whipping her ass I through a baseball on her face.
Conclusion Whole Grid Held Sensory Register Couldn’t report Whole Trace Faded Before Finished Recall
Sperling (1960)
A librarian loved to make her hamsters squeak. In her basement she had vultures chanting. She gave them eggplants and raisins to eat. Assassins sniffed loincloth before coming in. They had gotten the loincloth from eskimos that had volunteered to give it to them in return for their friend the brown bruited robocop. They decided to steal the rich waffles from the librarian.
Laboratory Highly scientific Variables controlled Easy Replicate Artificial Setting Lacks Ecological validity Results bad representation Real world.
Polygamous awesome philosophers
We’re friends with
Sour talented monsters
Who were considered
Tyrants
(Hawaii admired as 50th state)
Peterson and Peterson 1959
STM
Trigrams
1959
Peterson and Peterson 1959
Movie where nourished tintin fights dangerous raging alligators. Scientists testified for his courage. Who turned out to be evil Irishmen who trespassed because poltergeist remained in control of them. They became international criminals.
Method Nonsense trigram Recall different (after) set times Interference task Prevent repeating Internally
Peterson and Peterson:
Rough tramps skipped elaborately knowing that Elvis sailed tearfully.
Results
3 sec 80%
18 sec 10%
Peterson and Peterson
chihuahuas returned passively to their vegetable loving owners whilst they are watching superman impregnating skeletal fabric loudly for 18 seconds.
Conclusion Rehearsal prevented Very little Stay in STM for longer 18 seconds
Peterson and Peterson evaluation
Results reliable lab experiment variables tightly controlled.
Nonsense trigrams artificial. Lacks ecological validity. One stimulus only. Type of stimulus may change duration.
Meaning full real life mems May last longer in STM.
Each participant many trigrams shown. Confusion. First trigram only realistic trial…
Barack’s expensive accountants spent
Lots of time masturbating to nuns showering.
And spent time eating
Vibrant lobsters trashing meatballs.
End of Vietnam war.
Bahrick et al (1975)
LTM Natural setting
Very long term memories (VLTMs)
Bahrick et al (1975)
Merlin turned firm rapid trolleys into puffy rebelling toddlers to kill nasty rapid thieves who had stolen 392 jewels.
Method:
free recall test (list names of their ex classmates)
Photo recognition test (shown photos asked to recall names of people shown)
Name-recognition test (given names and asked to match them to a photo of the classmate)
392 people took part
Bahrick et al
Rattlesnake looked at yoda laughing snobbishly. Whilst watching a video on YouTube of feminists telephoning furious Einstein.
Results
Years leaving school:
15, 30, 45
15- recognise 90% names + faces. 60% accurate free recall.
30- free recall 30% accuracy
48- name-recognition 80% accurate, photo recognition 40%
Bahrick et al
Careless Vultures love to masturbate in real life. Their mission is to have better sex. They fly to the biggest Tesco’s in the worlds location. Not always easy for them to accurately get there. There they often meet with harmless tasty rattlesnakes!
Conclusion Evidence of VLTMs in a real life setting. Recognition better than recall. Huge store of information not always easy to access. So need help to retrieve information from it.
Bahrick et al 1975 evaluation.
Field experiment=high ecological validity.
Hard control so less reliable.
Can’t know why information recalled well.
Showed better recall than other studies on LTM.
Meaningful information stored better.
Information could be rehearsed… (know or talk about classmate. = increased rate of recall.
So results can’t be generalised to other types of info held in LTM!
Jafar Captured Obese Samurai
Thomas Stevens is 1st man to bicycle around the world
Jacobs capacity of STM
1887
Jacobs method:
String of letter and digits
Repeat back in the same order
Number of letters or digits increased until participant failed
Jacobs
Results.
9 digits, 7 letters
Capacity increased with age during childhood.
Jacobs conclusion:
Limited storage capacity of 5-9 items.
Individual differences.
STM increased w age (mem techniques?)
Digits easier? Only ten different digits compared to 26 letters
Jacobs
Evil asteroids looked for lukewarm enthusiastic vitamins… they were hanging out with ravishing ladies. The had meaningful informations about sinister glossy centaurs. They told the asteroids that counting cards confused them so after playing blackjack they came back home to watch episodes of suits!
Evaluation
Artificial
Lacks ecological validity. Real life xxxx no
Meaningful info STM greater capacity
Previous sequences recalled participants confused for future trial?
Mister millers Rapid Reindeers Inspected Combative Otters Sluggishly.
Elvis Presley’s first hit heartbreak hotel
Miller reviewed research into capacity of STM
1956
Millers magic number
Capacity of STM is seven plus or minus two.
Chunking
Combine individual letters or numbers into larger more meaningful units.
STM could prob hold 7 pieces chunked info increasing capacity
Coding
Is about the way information is stored in memory
STM AND LTM coding
STM acoustic cause tend to repeat information in mind
LTM semantic more useful to code words in terms of their meaning. (Also visual + acoustic)
Acoustic
Semantic
A- how info sounds
S- meaning of information
First soft landing on moon
Curly had a python with no STM or LTM
1966
Baddely coding STM and LTM
Baddeley method
Four sets of words acoustically similar or dissimilar or semantically similar or semantically dissimilar.
Independent group design
Recall immediately or following 20 min task
Baddeley results
Problems recalling acoustically similar words when immediately (from STM)
Recalling after interval LTM problems with semantically similar words.
Conc baddeley
Patterns of confusion between similar words suggest LTM more likely to rely on semantic coding, STM on acoustic…
Evaluation:
Lacks ecological validity.
Other types of LTM, other methods of coding. - experiment doesn’t consider…
Independent groups no control over participant variables.
